mirror of
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636 lines
28 KiB
Markdown
636 lines
28 KiB
Markdown
<!--docs:
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title: "Navigation drawers"
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layout: detail
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section: components
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excerpt: "Navigation drawers provide access to destinations in your app."
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iconId: navigation-drawer
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path: /catalog/navigation-drawer/
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-->
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# Navigation drawer
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[Navigation drawers](https://material.io/components/navigation-drawer) provide
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access to destinations in your app.
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**Contents**
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* [Design & API Documentation](#design-api-documentation)
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* [Using navigation drawers](#using-navigation-drawers)
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* [Anatomy](#anatomy)
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* [Standard navigation drawer](#standard-navigation-drawer)
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* [Modal navigation drawer](#modal-navigation-drawer)
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* [Bottom navigation drawer](#bottom-navigation-drawer)
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* [Predictive Back](#predictive-back)
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* [Theming](#theming)
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## Design & API Documentation
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* [Google Material3 Spec](https://material.io/components/navigation-drawer/overview)
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* [API reference](https://developer.android.com/reference/com/google/android/material/navigation/package-summary)
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## Using navigation drawers
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Before you can use navigation drawers, you need to add a dependency to the
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Material Components for Android library. For more information, go to the
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[getting started](https://github.com/material-components/material-components-android/tree/master/docs/getting-started.md)
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page. For modal navigation drawers you also need to add a dependency to the
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AndroidX `DrawerLayout` library. For more information go to the
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[releases](https://developer.android.com/jetpack/androidx/releases/drawerlayout)
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page.
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The content of all navigation drawer types can be implemented using a
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`NavigationView`.
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```xml
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<com.google.android.material.navigation.NavigationView
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android:id="@+id/navigationView"
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... />
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```
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**Note:** The `layout_width` and `layout_height` attributes should be set to
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`wrap_content`, `match_parent`, or a custom dimension depending on the
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navigation drawer type and parent `ViewGroup`.
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### Adding a menu
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In the layout:
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```xml
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<com.google.android.material.navigation.NavigationView
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...
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app:menu="@menu/navigation_drawer" />
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```
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In `res/menu/navigation_drawer.xml`:
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```xml
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<menu ...>
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<item
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android:id="@+id/main_item"
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android:title="@string/mail_subheader_title">
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<menu>
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<item
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android:id="@+id/inbox_item"
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android:icon="@drawable/ic_inbox_24px"
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android:title="@string/inbox_title"
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android:checkable="true"/>
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<item
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android:id="@+id/outbox_item"
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android:icon="@drawable/ic_outbox_24px"
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android:title="@string/outbox_title"
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android:checkable="true"/>
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<item
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android:id="@+id/favourites_item"
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android:icon="@drawable/ic_favourites_24px"
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android:title="@string/favourites_title"
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android:checkable="true">
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</menu>
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</item>
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</menu>
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```
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### Adding a header
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In the layout:
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```xml
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<com.google.android.material.navigation.NavigationView
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...
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app:headerLayout="@layout/header_navigation_drawer" />
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```
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In `res/layout/header_navigation_drawer.xml`:
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```xml
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<LinearLayout
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...
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android:layout_width="match_parent"
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android:layout_height="wrap_content"
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android:orientation="vertical">
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<TextView
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android:layout_width="wrap_content"
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android:layout_height="wrap_content"
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android:layout_marginTop="24dp"
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android:layout_marginStart="24dp"
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android:layout_marginEnd="24dp"
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android:textAppearance="?attr/textAppearanceHeadlineSmall"
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android:textColor="?attr/colorOnSurface"
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android:text="@string/header_title" />
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<TextView
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android:layout_width="wrap_content"
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android:layout_height="wrap_content"
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android:layout_marginBottom="24dp"
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android:layout_marginStart="24dp"
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android:layout_marginEnd="24dp"
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android:textAppearance="?attr/textAppearanceTitleSmall"
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android:textColor="?attr/colorOnSurfaceVariant"
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android:text="@string/header_text" />
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</LinearLayout>
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```
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### Adding dividers and subtitles
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Dividers are automatically added between `<item>` groups with unique IDs or
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`<group>`s with unique IDs. When a sub-`<menu>` is added to an item it is
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treated as a subtitle.
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In `res/menu/navigation_drawer.xml`:
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```xml
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<menu ...>
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<item
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android:id="@+id/main_item"
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android:title="@string/mail_subheader_title">
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<menu>
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<item
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android:id="@+id/search_item"
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android:icon="@drawable/ic_search_24px"
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android:title="@string/search_title"
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android:checkable="true"
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app:showAsAction="ifRoom"/>
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<item
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android:id="@+id/rotation_item"
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android:icon="@drawable/ic_3d_rotation_24px"
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android:title="@string/3d_title"
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android:checkable="true"
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app:showAsAction="ifRoom"/>
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<item
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android:id="@+id/accelerator_item"
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android:icon="@drawable/ic_accelerator_24px"
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android:title="@string/accelerator_title"
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android:checkable="true"
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app:showAsAction="ifRoom"/>
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<item
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android:id="@+id/dashboard_item"
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android:icon="@drawable/ic_dashboard_24px"
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android:title="@string/dashboard_title"
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android:checkable="true"
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app:showAsAction="ifRoom"/>
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</menu>
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</item>
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<item
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android:id="@+id/labels_item"
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android:title="@string/labels_subheader_title">
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<menu>
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<item
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android:id="@+id/label_one"
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android:icon="@drawable/ic_label_24px"
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android:title="@string/label_one_title"
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android:checkable="true"
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app:showAsAction="ifRoom"/>
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<item
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android:id="@+id/label_two"
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android:icon="@drawable/ic_label_24px"
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android:title="@string/label_two_title"
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android:checkable="true"
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app:showAsAction="ifRoom"/>
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</menu>
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</item>
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</menu>
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```
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### Making navigation drawers accessible
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Navigation drawers support content labeling for accessibility and are readable
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by most screen readers, such as TalkBack. Text rendered in menu items is
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automatically provided to accessibility services. Additional content labels are
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optional but recommended.
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For more information on content labels, go to the
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[Android accessibility help guide](https://support.google.com/accessibility/android/answer/7158690).
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#### Content descriptions
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A content description can be set on `<item>`s in the `NavigationView` menu so
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that screen readers like TalkBack are able to announce their purpose or action.
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This can be done in XML using the `android:contentDescription` attribute or
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programmatically with
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`navigationView.menu.findItem(R.id.itemId)#setContentDescription` (on API 26 and
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above).
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Any `ImageView`s within the header layout should also have a content description
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set.
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#### Opening and closing navigation drawers
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To open navigation drawers, use clickable widgets that meet the minimum touch
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target size of `48dp` and are properly labeled for accessibility. To close
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navigation drawers, consider doing the same but bear in mind that clicking on
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menu items or an optional scrim should also serve this purpose.
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### Using navigation drawers with the Navigation component
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Navigation drawers can be used with the AndroidX Navigation library. For more
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information, go to the
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[documentation](https://developer.android.com/guide/navigation/navigation-ui#add_a_navigation_drawer).
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## Anatomy
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Navigation drawers have a container, an optional header, optional dividers,
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items with inactive text, active text, and an active text overlay, optional
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subtitles, and an optional scrim.
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1. Container
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2. Subheader (optional)
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3. Label text
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4. Icon (optional)
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5. Active indicator/Item shape
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6. Badge text (coming soon)
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7. Divider
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8. Scrim (modal drawer only)
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### Container attributes
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Element | Attribute(s) | Related method(s) | Default value
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----------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------ | -------------
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**Color** | `android:background` | `setBackground`<br>`getBackground` | `?attr/colorSurfaceContainerLow`
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**Shape** | `app:shapeAppearance`<br>`app:shapeAppearanceOverlay` | N/A | `null`
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**Elevation** | `app:elevation` (can be used on `NavigationView` or `DrawerLayout`) | `setElevation`<br>`getElevation` | `0dp` (`NavigationView`) or `1dp` (`DrawerLayout`)
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**Max width** | `android:maxWidth` | N/A | `280dp`
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**Fits system windows** | `android:fitsSystemWindows` | `setFitsSystemWindows`<br>`getFitsSystemWindows` | `true`
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**Drawer corner size** | `drawerLayoutCornerSize` | N/A | `16dp`
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### Header attributes
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Element | Attribute | Related method(s) | Default value
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---------- | ------------------ | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------
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**Layout** | `app:headerLayout` | `addHeaderView`<br>`inflateHeaderView`<br>`getHeaderView`<br>`getHeaderCount`<br>`removeHeaderView` | `null`
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### Divider attributes
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Element | Attribute | Related method(s) | Default value
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----------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------
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**Divider** | `android:listDivider` in app theme | N/A | Varies per platform version
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**Height** | N/A (see [layout](https://github.com/material-components/material-components-android/tree/master/lib/java/com/google/android/material/internal/res/layout/design_navigation_item_separator.xml)) | N/A | `1dp`
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**Inset** | `app:dividerInsetStart`<br/>`app:dividerInsetEnd` | `setDividerInsetStart`<br/>`getDividerInsetStart`<br/>`setDividerInsetEnd`<br/>`getDividerInsetEnd` | `28dp`<br/>`28dp`
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### Item attributes
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Element | Attribute(s) | Related method(s) | Default value
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---------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------
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**Color** | `app:itemShapeFillColor` | N/A | `?attr/colorSecondaryContainer`
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**Shape** | `app:itemShapeAppearance`<br>`app:itemShapeAppearanceOverlay` | N/A | `@style/ShapeAppearance.Material3.Corner.Full` <br>(`?attr/shapeCornerFamily` and corner size `50%`)
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**Insets** | `app:itemShapeInsetStart`<br>`app:itemShapeInsetTop`<br>`app:itemShapeInsetEnd`<br>`app:itemShapeInsetBottom` | N/A | `12dp`<br>`0dp`<br>`12dp`<br>`0dp`
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**Horizontal padding** | `app:itemHorizontalPadding` | `setItemHorizontalPadding`<br>`setItemHorizontalPaddingResource`<br>`getItemHorizontalPadding` | `28dp`
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**Vertical padding** | `app:itemVerticalPadding` | `setItemVerticalPadding`<br>`setItemVerticalPaddingResource`<br>`getItemVerticalPadding` | `4dp`
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### Text attributes
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| Element | Attribute | Related method(s) | Default value |
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|-------------------------|-------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
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| **Color** | `app:itemTextColor` | `setItemTextColor`<br>`getItemTextColor` | `?attr/colorOnSecondaryContainer` when active else `?attr/colorOnSurfaceVariant` |
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| **Typography** | `app:itemTextAppearance` | `setItemTextAppearance` | `?attr/textAppearanceLabelLarge` |
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| **Typography (active)** | `app:itemTextAppearanceActiveBoldEnabled` | `setItemTextAppearanceActiveBoldEnabled` | `true` |
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| **Max lines** | `app:itemMaxLines` | `setItemMaxLines`<br>`getItemMaxLines` | `1` |
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### Icon attributes
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Element | Attribute | Related method(s) | Default value
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----------- | --------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------
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**Color** | `app:itemIconTint` | `setIconItemTintList`<br>`getIconItemTintList` | `?attr/colorOnSecondaryContainer` when active else `?attr/colorOnSurfaceVariant`
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**Size** | `app:itemIconSize` | `setItemIconSize` | `24dp`
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**Padding** | `app:itemIconPadding` | `setItemIconPadding`<br>`setItemIconPaddingResource`<br>`getItemIconPadding` | `12dp`
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### Subtitle attributes
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Element | Attribute | Related method(s) | Default value
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-------------- | ----------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------
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**Color** | `app:subheaderColor` | N/A | `?attr/colorOnSurfaceVariant`
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**Typography** | `app:subheaderTextAppearance` | N/A | `?attr/textAppearanceTitleSmall`
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**Max lines** | N/A | N/A | `1`
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**Height** | N/A | N/A | `?attr/listPreferredItemHeightSmall`
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**Padding** | `app:subheaderInsetStart`<br/>`app:subheaderInsetEnd` | `setSubheaderInsetStart`<br/>`getSubheaderInsetStart`<br/>`setSubheaderInsetEnd`<br/>`getSubheaderInsetEnd` | `28dp` and `28dp`
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### Scrim attributes
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Element | Attribute | Related method(s) | Default value
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--------- | --------- | --------------------------------- | --------------------
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**Color** | N/A | `setScrimColor` on `DrawerLayout` | Black at 60% opacity
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### `NavigationView` styles
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Element | Style
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----------------- | ---------------------------------
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**Default style** | `Widget.Material3.NavigationView`
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Default style theme attribute: `?attr/navigationViewStyle`
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### `DrawerLayout` styles
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Element | Style
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----------------- | ---------------------------------
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**Default style** | `Widget.Material3.DrawerLayout`
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Default style theme attribute: `?attr/drawerLayoutStyle`
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### Types
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There are three types of navigation drawers: 1\.
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[Standard navigation drawer](#standard-navigation-drawer), 2\.
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[Modal navigation drawer](#modal-navigation-drawer), 3\.
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[Bottom navigation drawer](#bottom-navigation-drawer)
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## Standard navigation drawer
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[Standard navigation drawers](https://material.io/components/navigation-drawer#standard-drawer)
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allow interaction with both screen content and the drawer at the same time. They
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can be used on tablet and desktop, but they aren’t suitable for mobile devices
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due to limited screen size.
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API and source code:
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* `NavigationView`
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* [Class definition](https://developer.android.com/reference/com/google/android/material/navigation/NavigationView)
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* [Class source](https://github.com/material-components/material-components-android/tree/master/lib/java/com/google/android/material/navigation/NavigationView.java)
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### Standard navigation drawer example
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The following example shows a permanently visible standard navigation drawer.
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In the layout:
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```xml
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<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
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...
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android:layout_width="match_parent"
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android:layout_height="match_parent">
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<com.google.android.material.navigation.NavigationView
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...
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android:layout_width="wrap_content"
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android:layout_height="match_parent"
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app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent" />
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<!-- Screen content (constrained to end of navigationView) -->
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</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
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```
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In `res/values/themes.xml`:
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```xml
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<style name="Theme.App" parent="Theme.Material3.DayNight.*">
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<item name="android:windowTranslucentStatus">true</item>
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</style>
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```
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In `res/layout/header_navigation_drawer.xml`:
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```xml
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<LinearLayout
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...
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android:fitsSystemWindows="true">
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...
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</LinearLayout>
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```
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## Modal navigation drawer
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[Modal navigation drawers](https://material.io/components/navigation-drawer#modal-drawer)
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block interaction with the rest of an app’s content with a scrim. They are
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elevated above most of the app’s UI and don’t affect the screen’s layout grid.
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They are primarily used for mobile devices where screen space is limited, and
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can be replaced by standard drawers on tablet and desktop.
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[DrawerLayout](https://developer.android.com/reference/androidx/drawerlayout/widget/DrawerLayout)
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is used in conjunction with NavigationDrawer to achieve the modal navigation
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drawer.
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API and source code:
|
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* `NavigationView`
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* [Class definition](https://developer.android.com/reference/com/google/android/material/navigation/NavigationView)
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* [Class source](https://github.com/material-components/material-components-android/tree/master/lib/java/com/google/android/material/navigation/NavigationView.java)
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* `DrawerLayout`
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* [Class definition](https://developer.android.com/reference/androidx/drawerlayout/widget/DrawerLayout)
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### Modal navigation drawer example
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The following example shows a modal navigation drawer.
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In the layout:
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```xml
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<androidx.drawerlayout.widget.DrawerLayout
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...
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android:id="@+id/drawerLayout"
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android:layout_width="match_parent"
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android:layout_height="match_parent"
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tools:openDrawer="start">
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<androidx.coordinatorlayout.widget.CoordinatorLayout
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android:layout_width="match_parent"
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android:layout_height="match_parent"
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android:fitsSystemWindows="true">
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<!-- Screen content -->
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<!-- Use app:layout_behavior="@string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior" to fit below top app bar -->
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</androidx.coordinatorlayout.widget.CoordinatorLayout>
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<com.google.android.material.navigation.NavigationView
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...
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android:layout_width="wrap_content"
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android:layout_height="match_parent"
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android:layout_gravity="start" />
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</androidx.drawerlayout.widget.DrawerLayout>
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```
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In `res/values/themes.xml`:
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```xml
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<style name="Theme.App" parent="Theme.Material3.DayNight.*">
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<item name="android:windowTranslucentStatus">true</item>
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</style>
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```
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|
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In `res/layout/header_navigation_drawer.xml`:
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|
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```xml
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<LinearLayout
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...
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android:fitsSystemWindows="true">
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|
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...
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|
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</LinearLayout>
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```
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|
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In code:
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|
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```kt
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topAppBar.setNavigationOnClickListener {
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drawerLayout.open()
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}
|
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|
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navigationView.setNavigationItemSelectedListener { menuItem ->
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// Handle menu item selected
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menuItem.isChecked = true
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drawerLayout.close()
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true
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}
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```
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For more information on top app bars see the
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[documentation](https://github.com/material-components/material-components-android/tree/master/docs/components/TopAppBar.md).
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|
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## Predictive Back
|
||
|
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The `NavigationView` component automatically supports
|
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[Predictive Back](../foundations/PredictiveBack.md) when it is set up within a
|
||
`DrawerLayout`, as mentioned in the sections above. No further integration is
|
||
required on the app side other than the general Predictive Back prerequisites
|
||
and migration steps mentioned [here](../foundations/PredictiveBack.md#usage).
|
||
|
||
Visit the
|
||
[Predictive Back design guidelines](https://m3.material.io/components/side-sheets/guidelines#d77245e3-1013-48f8-a9d7-76f484e1be13)
|
||
to see how the component behaves when a user swipes back.
|
||
|
||
## Theming
|
||
|
||
Navigation drawers support
|
||
[Material Theming](https://material.io/components/text-fields/#theming) which
|
||
can customize color, typography and shape.
|
||
|
||
### Navigation drawer theming example
|
||
|
||
API and source code:
|
||
|
||
* `NavigationView`
|
||
* [Class definition](https://developer.android.com/reference/com/google/android/material/navigation/NavigationView)
|
||
* [GitHub source](https://github.com/material-components/material-components-android/tree/master/lib/java/com/google/android/material/navigation/NavigationView.java)
|
||
|
||
The following example shows a navigation drawer with Material Theming.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
#### Implementing navigation drawer theming
|
||
|
||
Use theme attributes, default style theme attributes, and styles in
|
||
`res/values/styles.xml`, which applies to all navigation drawers and affects
|
||
other components:
|
||
|
||
```xml
|
||
<style name="Theme.App" parent="Theme.Material3.*">
|
||
...
|
||
<item name="colorSecondaryContainer">@color/shrine_theme_light_secondaryContainer</item>
|
||
<item name="colorOnSecondaryContainer">@color/shrine_theme_light_onSecondaryContainer</item>
|
||
<item name="colorTertiaryContainer">@color/shrine_theme_light_tertiaryContainer</item>
|
||
<item name="colorOnTertiaryContainer">@color/shrine_theme_light_onTertiaryContainer</item>
|
||
<item name="colorSurface">@color/shrine_theme_light_surface</item>
|
||
<item name="colorOnSurface">@color/shrine_theme_light_onSurface</item>
|
||
<item name="colorOnSurfaceVariant">@color/shrine_theme_light_onSurfaceVariant</item>
|
||
<item name="colorOutline">@color/shrine_theme_light_outline</item>
|
||
<item name="textAppearanceTitleSmall">@style/TextAppearance.App.TitleSmall</item>
|
||
<item name="textAppearanceLabelLarge">@style/TextAppearance.App.LabelLarge</item>
|
||
</style>
|
||
|
||
<style name="TextAppearance.App.TitleSmall" parent="TextAppearance.Material3.TitleSmall">
|
||
<item name="fontFamily">@font/rubik</item>
|
||
<item name="android:fontFamily">@font/rubik</item>
|
||
</style>
|
||
|
||
<style name="TextAppearance.App.LabelLarge" parent="TextAppearance.Material3.LabelLarge">
|
||
<item name="fontFamily">@font/rubik</item>
|
||
<item name="android:fontFamily">@font/rubik</item>
|
||
</style>
|
||
|
||
<style name="Widget.App.NavigationView" parent="Widget.Material3.NavigationView">
|
||
<item name="itemIconTint">@color/navigation_item_color</item>
|
||
<item name="itemTextColor">@color/navigation_item_color</item>
|
||
<item name="itemShapeFillColor">@color/navigation_item_background_color</item>
|
||
</style>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
In `res/color/navigation_item_color.xml`:
|
||
|
||
```xml
|
||
<selector ...>
|
||
<item android:color="?attr/colorOnTertiaryContainer" android:state_checked="true"/>
|
||
<item android:alpha="@dimen/material_emphasis_disabled" android:color="?attr/colorOnSurface" android:state_enabled="false"/>
|
||
<item android:color="?attr/colorOnSurfaceVariant"/>
|
||
</selector>
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
In `res/color/navigation_item_background_color.xml`:
|
||
|
||
```xml
|
||
<selector ...>
|
||
<item android:alpha="@dimen/material_emphasis_disabled" android:color="?attr/colorTertiaryContainer" android:state_activated="true"/>
|
||
<item android:alpha="@dimen/material_emphasis_disabled" android:color="?attr/colorTertiaryContainer" android:state_checked="true"/>
|
||
<item android:color="@android:color/transparent"/>
|
||
</selector>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Use default style theme attributes, styles and theme overlays which apply to all
|
||
navigation drawers but do not affect other components:
|
||
|
||
```xml
|
||
<style name="Theme.App" parent="Theme.Material3.*">
|
||
...
|
||
<item name="navigationViewStyle">@style/Widget.App.NavigationView</item>
|
||
</style>
|
||
|
||
<style name="Widget.App.NavigationView" parent="Widget.Material3.NavigationView">
|
||
<item name="materialThemeOverlay">@style/ThemeOverlay.App.NavigationView</item>
|
||
<item name="itemIconTint">@color/navigation_item_color</item>
|
||
<item name="itemTextColor">@color/navigation_item_color</item>
|
||
<item name="itemShapeFillColor">@color/navigation_item_background_color</item>
|
||
</style>
|
||
|
||
<style name="ThemeOverlay.App.NavigationView" parent="">
|
||
<item name="colorSecondaryContainer">@color/shrine_theme_light_secondaryContainer</item>
|
||
<item name="colorOnSecondaryContainer">@color/shrine_theme_light_onSecondaryContainer</item>
|
||
<item name="colorTertiaryContainer">@color/shrine_theme_light_tertiaryContainer</item>
|
||
<item name="colorOnTertiaryContainer">@color/shrine_theme_light_onTertiaryContainer</item>
|
||
<item name="colorSurface">@color/shrine_theme_light_surface</item>
|
||
<item name="colorOnSurface">@color/shrine_theme_light_onSurface</item>
|
||
<item name="colorOnSurfaceVariant">@color/shrine_theme_light_onSurfaceVariant</item>
|
||
<item name="colorOutline">@color/shrine_theme_light_outline</item>
|
||
<item name="textAppearanceTitleSmall">@style/TextAppearance.App.TitleSmall</item>
|
||
<item name="textAppearanceLabelLarge">@style/TextAppearance.App.LabelLarge</item>
|
||
</style>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Use the style in the layout, which affects only this navigation drawer:
|
||
|
||
```xml
|
||
<com.google.android.material.navigation.NavigationView
|
||
...
|
||
style="@style/Widget.App.NavigationView" />
|
||
```
|