material-components_material-components-android/docs/components/NavigationDrawer.md

Navigation drawers

Note: The navigation drawer is being deprecated in the Material 3 expressive update. For those who have updated, use an expanded navigation rail, which has mostly the same functionality of the navigation drawer and adapts better across window size classes.

Navigation drawers provide access to destinations in your app. There are two variants of navigation drawers.

1. Standard navigation drawer
2. Modal navigation drawer

Note: Images use various dynamic color schemes.

Design & API documentation

• Material 3 (M3) spec
• API reference

Anatomy

1. Container
2. Headline
3. Label text
4. Icon
5. Active indicator
6. Badge label text
7. Scrim

More details on anatomy items are available in the component guidelines.

M3 Expressive update

The navigation drawer is being deprecated. Use the expanded navigation rail instead. More on M3 Expressive

Key properties

Container attributes

Element	Attribute(s)	Related method(s)	Default value
Color	android:background	setBackground getBackground	?attr/colorSurfaceContainerLow
Shape	app:shapeAppearance app:shapeAppearanceOverlay	N/A	null
Elevation	app:elevation (can be used on NavigationView or DrawerLayout)	setElevation getElevation	0dp (NavigationView) or 1dp (DrawerLayout)
Max width	android:maxWidth	N/A	280dp
Fits system windows	android:fitsSystemWindows	setFitsSystemWindows getFitsSystemWindows	true
Drawer corner size	drawerLayoutCornerSize	N/A	16dp

Header attributes

Element	Attribute	Related method(s)	Default value
Layout	app:headerLayout	addHeaderView inflateHeaderView getHeaderView getHeaderCount removeHeaderView	null

Divider attributes

Element	Attribute	Related method(s)	Default value
Divider	android:listDivider in app theme	N/A	Varies per platform version
Height	N/A (see layout)	N/A	1dp
Inset	app:dividerInsetStart app:dividerInsetEnd	setDividerInsetStart getDividerInsetStart setDividerInsetEnd getDividerInsetEnd	28dp 28dp

Item attributes

Element	Attribute(s)	Related method(s)	Default value
Color	app:itemShapeFillColor	N/A	?attr/colorSecondaryContainer
Shape	app:itemShapeAppearance app:itemShapeAppearanceOverlay	N/A	@style/ShapeAppearance.Material3.Corner.Full (?attr/shapeCornerFamily and corner size 50%)
Insets	app:itemShapeInsetStart app:itemShapeInsetTop app:itemShapeInsetEnd app:itemShapeInsetBottom	N/A	12dp 0dp 12dp 0dp
Horizontal padding	app:itemHorizontalPadding	setItemHorizontalPadding setItemHorizontalPaddingResource getItemHorizontalPadding	28dp
Vertical padding	app:itemVerticalPadding	setItemVerticalPadding setItemVerticalPaddingResource getItemVerticalPadding	4dp

Text attributes

Element	Attribute	Related method(s)	Default value
Color	app:itemTextColor	setItemTextColor getItemTextColor	?attr/colorOnSecondaryContainer when active else ?attr/colorOnSurfaceVariant
Typography	app:itemTextAppearance	setItemTextAppearance	?attr/textAppearanceLabelLarge
Typography (active)	app:itemTextAppearanceActiveBoldEnabled	setItemTextAppearanceActiveBoldEnabled	true
Max lines	app:itemMaxLines	setItemMaxLines getItemMaxLines	1

Icon attributes

Element	Attribute	Related method(s)	Default value
Color	app:itemIconTint	setIconItemTintList getIconItemTintList	?attr/colorOnSecondaryContainer when active else ?attr/colorOnSurfaceVariant
Size	app:itemIconSize	setItemIconSize	24dp
Padding	app:itemIconPadding	setItemIconPadding setItemIconPaddingResource getItemIconPadding	12dp

Subtitle attributes

Element	Attribute	Related method(s)	Default value
Color	app:subheaderColor	N/A	?attr/colorOnSurfaceVariant
Typography	app:subheaderTextAppearance	N/A	?attr/textAppearanceTitleSmall
Max lines	N/A	N/A	1
Height	N/A	N/A	?attr/listPreferredItemHeightSmall
Padding	app:subheaderInsetStart app:subheaderInsetEnd	setSubheaderInsetStart getSubheaderInsetStart setSubheaderInsetEnd getSubheaderInsetEnd	28dp and 28dp

Scrim attributes

Element	Attribute	Related method(s)	Default value
Color	N/A	setScrimColor on DrawerLayout	Black at 60% opacity
Window Insets	app:topInsetScrimEnabled app:bottomScrimEnabled app:startScrimEnabled app:endScrimEnabled	setTopInsetScrimEnabled isTopInsetScrimEnabled setBottomInsetScrimEnabled isBottomInsetScrimEnabled setStartInsetScrimEnabled isStartInsetScrimEnabled setEndInsetScrimEnabled isEndInsetScrimEnabled	true

NavigationView styles

Element	Style	Theme attribute
Default style	Widget.Material3.NavigationView	?attr/navigationViewStyle

DrawerLayout styles

Element	Style	Theme attribute
Default style	Widget.Material3.DrawerLayout	?attr/drawerLayoutStyle

Variants of navigation drawer

Standard navigation drawer

Standard navigation drawers allow interaction with both screen content and the drawer at the same time. They can be used on tablet and desktop, but they aren’t suitable for mobile devices due to limited screen size.

API and source code:

• NavigationView
  • Class definition
  • GitHub source

Standard navigation drawer example

The following example shows a permanently visible standard navigation drawer.

In the layout:

<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
    ...
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <com.google.android.material.navigation.NavigationView
        ...
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent" />

    <!-- Screen content (constrained to end of navigationView) -->

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

In res/values/themes.xml:

<style name="Theme.App" parent="Theme.Material3.DayNight.*">
    <item name="android:windowTranslucentStatus">true</item>
</style>

In res/layout/header_navigation_drawer.xml:

<LinearLayout
    ...
    android:fitsSystemWindows="true">

    ...

</LinearLayout>

Modal navigation drawer

Modal navigation drawers block interaction with the rest of an app’s content with a scrim. They are elevated above most of the app’s UI and don’t affect the screen’s layout grid.

They are primarily used for mobile devices where screen space is limited, and can be replaced by standard drawers on tablet and desktop.

DrawerLayout is used in conjunction with NavigationDrawer to achieve the modal navigation drawer.

API and source code:

• NavigationView
  • Class definition
  • GitHub source
• DrawerLayout
  • Class definition

Modal navigation drawer example

The following example shows a modal navigation drawer.

In the layout:

<androidx.drawerlayout.widget.DrawerLayout
    ...
    android:id="@+id/drawerLayout"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:openDrawer="start">

    <androidx.coordinatorlayout.widget.CoordinatorLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:fitsSystemWindows="true">

        <!-- Screen content -->
        <!-- Use app:layout_behavior="@string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior" to fit below top app bar -->

    </androidx.coordinatorlayout.widget.CoordinatorLayout>

    <com.google.android.material.navigation.NavigationView
        ...
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_gravity="start" />

</androidx.drawerlayout.widget.DrawerLayout>

In res/values/themes.xml:

<style name="Theme.App" parent="Theme.Material3.DayNight.*">
    <item name="android:windowTranslucentStatus">true</item>
</style>

In res/layout/header_navigation_drawer.xml:

<LinearLayout
    ...
    android:fitsSystemWindows="true">

    ...

</LinearLayout>

In code:

topAppBar.setNavigationOnClickListener {
    drawerLayout.open()
}

navigationView.setNavigationItemSelectedListener { menuItem ->
    // Handle menu item selected
    menuItem.isChecked = true
    drawerLayout.close()
    true
}

For more information on top app bars see the documentation.

Code implementation

Before you can use navigation drawers, you need to add a dependency to the Material components for Android library. For more information, go to the Getting started page. For modal navigation drawers you also need to add a dependency to the AndroidX DrawerLayout library. For more information go to the releases page.

Adding navigation drawer

The content of all navigation drawer types can be implemented using a NavigationView.

<com.google.android.material.navigation.NavigationView
  android:id="@+id/navigationView"
  ... />

Note: The layout_width and layout_height attributes should be set to wrap_content, match_parent, or a custom dimension depending on the navigation drawer type and parent ViewGroup.

Adding menu

In the layout:

<com.google.android.material.navigation.NavigationView
    ...
    app:menu="@menu/navigation_drawer" />

In res/menu/navigation_drawer.xml:

<menu ...>

  <item
    android:id="@+id/main_item"
    android:title="@string/mail_subheader_title">
      <menu>
        <item
          android:id="@+id/inbox_item"
          android:icon="@drawable/ic_inbox_24px"
          android:title="@string/inbox_title"
          android:checkable="true"/>
        <item
          android:id="@+id/outbox_item"
          android:icon="@drawable/ic_outbox_24px"
          android:title="@string/outbox_title"
          android:checkable="true"/>
        <item
          android:id="@+id/favourites_item"
          android:icon="@drawable/ic_favourites_24px"
          android:title="@string/favourites_title"
          android:checkable="true">
      </menu>
  </item>

</menu>

Adding header

In the layout:

<com.google.android.material.navigation.NavigationView
    ...
    app:headerLayout="@layout/header_navigation_drawer" />

In res/layout/header_navigation_drawer.xml:

<LinearLayout
    ...
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginTop="24dp"
        android:layout_marginStart="24dp"
        android:layout_marginEnd="24dp"
        android:textAppearance="?attr/textAppearanceHeadlineSmall"
        android:textColor="?attr/colorOnSurface"
        android:text="@string/header_title" />

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginBottom="24dp"
        android:layout_marginStart="24dp"
        android:layout_marginEnd="24dp"
        android:textAppearance="?attr/textAppearanceTitleSmall"
        android:textColor="?attr/colorOnSurfaceVariant"
        android:text="@string/header_text" />

</LinearLayout>

Adding dividers and subtitles

Dividers are automatically added between <item> groups with unique IDs or <group>s with unique IDs. When a sub-<menu> is added to an item it is treated as a subtitle.

In res/menu/navigation_drawer.xml:

<menu ...>
  <item
    android:id="@+id/main_item"
    android:title="@string/mail_subheader_title">
      <menu>
        <item
          android:id="@+id/search_item"
          android:icon="@drawable/ic_search_24px"
          android:title="@string/search_title"
          android:checkable="true"
          app:showAsAction="ifRoom"/>
        <item
          android:id="@+id/rotation_item"
          android:icon="@drawable/ic_3d_rotation_24px"
          android:title="@string/3d_title"
          android:checkable="true"
          app:showAsAction="ifRoom"/>
        <item
          android:id="@+id/accelerator_item"
          android:icon="@drawable/ic_accelerator_24px"
          android:title="@string/accelerator_title"
          android:checkable="true"
          app:showAsAction="ifRoom"/>
        <item
          android:id="@+id/dashboard_item"
          android:icon="@drawable/ic_dashboard_24px"
          android:title="@string/dashboard_title"
          android:checkable="true"
          app:showAsAction="ifRoom"/>
      </menu>
  </item>
  <item
    android:id="@+id/labels_item"
    android:title="@string/labels_subheader_title">
      <menu>
        <item
          android:id="@+id/label_one"
          android:icon="@drawable/ic_label_24px"
          android:title="@string/label_one_title"
          android:checkable="true"
          app:showAsAction="ifRoom"/>
        <item
          android:id="@+id/label_two"
          android:icon="@drawable/ic_label_24px"
          android:title="@string/label_two_title"
          android:checkable="true"
          app:showAsAction="ifRoom"/>
      </menu>
  </item>

</menu>

Making navigation drawers accessible

Navigation drawers support content labeling for accessibility and are readable by most screen readers, such as TalkBack. Text rendered in menu items is automatically provided to accessibility services. Additional content labels are optional but recommended.

For more information on content labels, go to the Android accessibility help guide.

Important: Ensure that there is a way to close the navigation drawer through keyboard navigation by listening for the esc key in your activity and closing open drawers.

  @Override
  public boolean dispatchKeyEvent(KeyEvent keyEvent) {
    if (keyEvent.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.KEYCODE_ESCAPE && drawerLayout.isDrawerOpen(navigationView)) {
      drawerLayout.closeDrawer(navigationView);
      return true;
    }
    return super.dispatchKeyEvent(keyEvent);
  }

Setting content descriptions

A content description can be set on <item>s in the NavigationView menu so that screen readers like TalkBack are able to announce their purpose or action. This can be done in XML using the android:contentDescription attribute or programmatically with navigationView.menu.findItem(R.id.itemId)#setContentDescription (on API 26 and above).

Any ImageViews within the header layout should also have a content description set.

Opening and closing navigation drawers

To open navigation drawers, use clickable widgets that meet the minimum touch target size of 48dp and are properly labeled for accessibility. To close navigation drawers, consider doing the same but bear in mind that clicking on menu items or an optional scrim should also serve this purpose.

Using navigation drawers with the navigation component

Navigation drawers can be used with the AndroidX navigation library. For more information, go to the documentation.

Predictive back

The NavigationView component automatically supports predictive back when it is set up within a DrawerLayout, as mentioned in the sections above. No further integration is required on the app side other than the general predictive back prerequisites and migration steps mentioned here.

Visit the predictive back design guidelines to see how the component behaves when a user swipes back.

Customizing navigation drawers

Theming navigation drawers

Navigation drawers support the customization of color, typography, and shape.

Navigation drawer theming example

API and source code:

• NavigationView
  • Class definition
  • GitHub source

The following example shows a navigation drawer with Material theming.

Implementing navigation drawer theming

Use theme attributes, default style theme attributes, and styles in res/values/styles.xml, which applies to all navigation drawers and affects other components:

<style name="Theme.App" parent="Theme.Material3.*">
    ...
    <item name="colorSecondaryContainer">@color/shrine_theme_light_secondaryContainer</item>
    <item name="colorOnSecondaryContainer">@color/shrine_theme_light_onSecondaryContainer</item>
    <item name="colorTertiaryContainer">@color/shrine_theme_light_tertiaryContainer</item>
    <item name="colorOnTertiaryContainer">@color/shrine_theme_light_onTertiaryContainer</item>
    <item name="colorSurface">@color/shrine_theme_light_surface</item>
    <item name="colorOnSurface">@color/shrine_theme_light_onSurface</item>
    <item name="colorOnSurfaceVariant">@color/shrine_theme_light_onSurfaceVariant</item>
    <item name="colorOutline">@color/shrine_theme_light_outline</item>
    <item name="textAppearanceTitleSmall">@style/TextAppearance.App.TitleSmall</item>
    <item name="textAppearanceLabelLarge">@style/TextAppearance.App.LabelLarge</item>
</style>

<style name="TextAppearance.App.TitleSmall" parent="TextAppearance.Material3.TitleSmall">
    <item name="fontFamily">@font/rubik</item>
    <item name="android:fontFamily">@font/rubik</item>
</style>

<style name="TextAppearance.App.LabelLarge" parent="TextAppearance.Material3.LabelLarge">
    <item name="fontFamily">@font/rubik</item>
    <item name="android:fontFamily">@font/rubik</item>
</style>

<style name="Widget.App.NavigationView" parent="Widget.Material3.NavigationView">
    <item name="itemIconTint">@color/navigation_item_color</item>
    <item name="itemTextColor">@color/navigation_item_color</item>
    <item name="itemShapeFillColor">@color/navigation_item_background_color</item>
</style>

In res/color/navigation_item_color.xml:

<selector ...>
    <item android:color="?attr/colorOnTertiaryContainer" android:state_checked="true"/>
    <item android:alpha="@dimen/material_emphasis_disabled" android:color="?attr/colorOnSurface" android:state_enabled="false"/>
    <item android:color="?attr/colorOnSurfaceVariant"/>
</selector>

In res/color/navigation_item_background_color.xml:

<selector ...>
    <item android:alpha="@dimen/material_emphasis_disabled" android:color="?attr/colorTertiaryContainer" android:state_activated="true"/>
    <item android:alpha="@dimen/material_emphasis_disabled" android:color="?attr/colorTertiaryContainer" android:state_checked="true"/>
    <item android:color="@android:color/transparent"/>
</selector>

Use default style theme attributes, styles and theme overlays which apply to all navigation drawers but do not affect other components:

<style name="Theme.App" parent="Theme.Material3.*">
    ...
    <item name="navigationViewStyle">@style/Widget.App.NavigationView</item>
</style>

<style name="Widget.App.NavigationView" parent="Widget.Material3.NavigationView">
    <item name="materialThemeOverlay">@style/ThemeOverlay.App.NavigationView</item>
    <item name="itemIconTint">@color/navigation_item_color</item>
    <item name="itemTextColor">@color/navigation_item_color</item>
    <item name="itemShapeFillColor">@color/navigation_item_background_color</item>
</style>

<style name="ThemeOverlay.App.NavigationView" parent="">
    <item name="colorSecondaryContainer">@color/shrine_theme_light_secondaryContainer</item>
    <item name="colorOnSecondaryContainer">@color/shrine_theme_light_onSecondaryContainer</item>
    <item name="colorTertiaryContainer">@color/shrine_theme_light_tertiaryContainer</item>
    <item name="colorOnTertiaryContainer">@color/shrine_theme_light_onTertiaryContainer</item>
    <item name="colorSurface">@color/shrine_theme_light_surface</item>
    <item name="colorOnSurface">@color/shrine_theme_light_onSurface</item>
    <item name="colorOnSurfaceVariant">@color/shrine_theme_light_onSurfaceVariant</item>
    <item name="colorOutline">@color/shrine_theme_light_outline</item>
    <item name="textAppearanceTitleSmall">@style/TextAppearance.App.TitleSmall</item>
    <item name="textAppearanceLabelLarge">@style/TextAppearance.App.LabelLarge</item>
</style>

Use the style in the layout, which affects only this navigation drawer:

<com.google.android.material.navigation.NavigationView
    ...
    style="@style/Widget.App.NavigationView" />