flutter_flutter/docs/engine/impeller/docs/android_validation_layers.md

Android Vulkan Validation Layers

If you want to run Vulkan Validation Layers with a custom engine build you need to add the --enable-vulkan-validation-layers to the gn invocation to make sure the layers are built and injected into the Flutter jar.

Example:

flutter/tools/gn \
  --runtime-mode=debug \
  --enable-vulkan-validation-layers \
  --no-lto \
  --unoptimized \
  --android \
  --android-cpu=arm64

Then adding the following field to the android/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml under the <application> tag will turn them on:

<meta-data
    android:name="io.flutter.embedding.android.EnableVulkanValidation"
    android:value="true" />