flutter_flutter/engine/src/flutter/shell/platform/embedder/embedder.cc

// Copyright 2013 The Flutter Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.

#define FML_USED_ON_EMBEDDER
#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING 1

#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <set>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

#include "flutter/fml/build_config.h"
#include "flutter/fml/closure.h"
#include "flutter/fml/make_copyable.h"
#include "flutter/fml/native_library.h"
#include "flutter/fml/thread.h"
#include "third_party/dart/runtime/bin/elf_loader.h"
#include "third_party/dart/runtime/include/dart_native_api.h"
#include "third_party/skia/include/core/SkSurface.h"
#include "third_party/skia/include/gpu/ganesh/SkSurfaceGanesh.h"

#if !defined(FLUTTER_NO_EXPORT)
#if FML_OS_WIN
#define FLUTTER_EXPORT __declspec(dllexport)
#else  // FML_OS_WIN
#define FLUTTER_EXPORT __attribute__((visibility("default")))
#endif  // FML_OS_WIN
#endif  // !FLUTTER_NO_EXPORT

extern "C" {
#if FLUTTER_RUNTIME_MODE == FLUTTER_RUNTIME_MODE_DEBUG
// Used for debugging dart:* sources.
extern const uint8_t kPlatformStrongDill[];
extern const intptr_t kPlatformStrongDillSize;
#endif  // FLUTTER_RUNTIME_MODE == FLUTTER_RUNTIME_MODE_DEBUG
}

#include "flutter/assets/directory_asset_bundle.h"
#include "flutter/common/graphics/persistent_cache.h"
#include "flutter/common/task_runners.h"
#include "flutter/fml/command_line.h"
#include "flutter/fml/file.h"
#include "flutter/fml/make_copyable.h"
#include "flutter/fml/message_loop.h"
#include "flutter/fml/paths.h"
#include "flutter/fml/trace_event.h"
#include "flutter/shell/common/rasterizer.h"
#include "flutter/shell/common/switches.h"
#include "flutter/shell/platform/embedder/embedder.h"
#include "flutter/shell/platform/embedder/embedder_engine.h"
#include "flutter/shell/platform/embedder/embedder_external_texture_resolver.h"
#include "flutter/shell/platform/embedder/embedder_platform_message_response.h"
#include "flutter/shell/platform/embedder/embedder_render_target.h"
#include "flutter/shell/platform/embedder/embedder_struct_macros.h"
#include "flutter/shell/platform/embedder/embedder_task_runner.h"
#include "flutter/shell/platform/embedder/embedder_thread_host.h"
#include "flutter/shell/platform/embedder/pixel_formats.h"
#include "flutter/shell/platform/embedder/platform_view_embedder.h"
#include "rapidjson/rapidjson.h"
#include "rapidjson/writer.h"

#ifdef SHELL_ENABLE_GL
#include "flutter/shell/platform/embedder/embedder_external_texture_gl.h"
#endif

#ifdef SHELL_ENABLE_METAL
#include "flutter/shell/platform/embedder/embedder_surface_metal.h"
#endif

const int32_t kFlutterSemanticsNodeIdBatchEnd = -1;
const int32_t kFlutterSemanticsCustomActionIdBatchEnd = -1;

// A message channel to send platform-independent FlutterKeyData to the
// framework.
//
// This should be kept in sync with the following variables:
//
// - lib/ui/platform_dispatcher.dart, _kFlutterKeyDataChannel
// - shell/platform/darwin/ios/framework/Source/FlutterEngine.mm,
//   FlutterKeyDataChannel
// - io/flutter/embedding/android/KeyData.java,
//   CHANNEL
//
// Not to be confused with "flutter/keyevent", which is used to send raw
// key event data in a platform-dependent format.
//
// ## Format
//
// Send: KeyDataPacket.data().
//
// Expected reply: Whether the event is handled. Exactly 1 byte long, with value
// 1 for handled, and 0 for not. Malformed value is considered false.
const char* kFlutterKeyDataChannel = "flutter/keydata";

static FlutterEngineResult LogEmbedderError(FlutterEngineResult code,
                                            const char* reason,
                                            const char* code_name,
                                            const char* function,
                                            const char* file,
                                            int line) {
#if FML_OS_WIN
  constexpr char kSeparator = '\\';
#else
  constexpr char kSeparator = '/';
#endif
  const auto file_base =
      (::strrchr(file, kSeparator) ? strrchr(file, kSeparator) + 1 : file);
  char error[256] = {};
  snprintf(error, (sizeof(error) / sizeof(char)),
           "%s (%d): '%s' returned '%s'. %s", file_base, line, function,
           code_name, reason);
  std::cerr << error << std::endl;
  return code;
}

#define LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(code, reason) \
  LogEmbedderError(code, reason, #code, __FUNCTION__, __FILE__, __LINE__)

static bool IsOpenGLRendererConfigValid(const FlutterRendererConfig* config) {
  if (config->type != kOpenGL) {
    return false;
  }

  const FlutterOpenGLRendererConfig* open_gl_config = &config->open_gl;

  if (!SAFE_EXISTS(open_gl_config, make_current) ||
      !SAFE_EXISTS(open_gl_config, clear_current) ||
      !SAFE_EXISTS_ONE_OF(open_gl_config, fbo_callback,
                          fbo_with_frame_info_callback) ||
      !SAFE_EXISTS_ONE_OF(open_gl_config, present, present_with_info)) {
    return false;
  }

  return true;
}

static bool IsSoftwareRendererConfigValid(const FlutterRendererConfig* config) {
  if (config->type != kSoftware) {
    return false;
  }

  const FlutterSoftwareRendererConfig* software_config = &config->software;

  if (SAFE_ACCESS(software_config, surface_present_callback, nullptr) ==
      nullptr) {
    return false;
  }

  return true;
}

static bool IsMetalRendererConfigValid(const FlutterRendererConfig* config) {
  if (config->type != kMetal) {
    return false;
  }

  const FlutterMetalRendererConfig* metal_config = &config->metal;

  bool device = SAFE_ACCESS(metal_config, device, nullptr);
  bool command_queue =
      SAFE_ACCESS(metal_config, present_command_queue, nullptr);

  bool present = SAFE_ACCESS(metal_config, present_drawable_callback, nullptr);
  bool get_texture =
      SAFE_ACCESS(metal_config, get_next_drawable_callback, nullptr);

  return device && command_queue && present && get_texture;
}

static bool IsVulkanRendererConfigValid(const FlutterRendererConfig* config) {
  if (config->type != kVulkan) {
    return false;
  }

  const FlutterVulkanRendererConfig* vulkan_config = &config->vulkan;

  if (!SAFE_EXISTS(vulkan_config, instance) ||
      !SAFE_EXISTS(vulkan_config, physical_device) ||
      !SAFE_EXISTS(vulkan_config, device) ||
      !SAFE_EXISTS(vulkan_config, queue) ||
      !SAFE_EXISTS(vulkan_config, get_instance_proc_address_callback) ||
      !SAFE_EXISTS(vulkan_config, get_next_image_callback) ||
      !SAFE_EXISTS(vulkan_config, present_image_callback)) {
    return false;
  }

  return true;
}

static bool IsRendererValid(const FlutterRendererConfig* config) {
  if (config == nullptr) {
    return false;
  }

  switch (config->type) {
    case kOpenGL:
      return IsOpenGLRendererConfigValid(config);
    case kSoftware:
      return IsSoftwareRendererConfigValid(config);
    case kMetal:
      return IsMetalRendererConfigValid(config);
    case kVulkan:
      return IsVulkanRendererConfigValid(config);
    default:
      return false;
  }

  return false;
}

#if FML_OS_LINUX || FML_OS_WIN
static void* DefaultGLProcResolver(const char* name) {
  static fml::RefPtr<fml::NativeLibrary> proc_library =
#if FML_OS_LINUX
      fml::NativeLibrary::CreateForCurrentProcess();
#elif FML_OS_WIN  // FML_OS_LINUX
      fml::NativeLibrary::Create("opengl32.dll");
#endif            // FML_OS_WIN
  return static_cast<void*>(
      const_cast<uint8_t*>(proc_library->ResolveSymbol(name)));
}
#endif  // FML_OS_LINUX || FML_OS_WIN

#ifdef SHELL_ENABLE_GL
// Auxiliary function used to translate rectangles of type SkIRect to
// FlutterRect.
static FlutterRect SkIRectToFlutterRect(const SkIRect sk_rect) {
  FlutterRect flutter_rect = {static_cast<double>(sk_rect.fLeft),
                              static_cast<double>(sk_rect.fTop),
                              static_cast<double>(sk_rect.fRight),
                              static_cast<double>(sk_rect.fBottom)};
  return flutter_rect;
}

// Auxiliary function used to translate rectangles of type FlutterRect to
// SkIRect.
static const SkIRect FlutterRectToSkIRect(FlutterRect flutter_rect) {
  SkIRect rect = {static_cast<int32_t>(flutter_rect.left),
                  static_cast<int32_t>(flutter_rect.top),
                  static_cast<int32_t>(flutter_rect.right),
                  static_cast<int32_t>(flutter_rect.bottom)};
  return rect;
}
#endif

static inline flutter::Shell::CreateCallback<flutter::PlatformView>
InferOpenGLPlatformViewCreationCallback(
    const FlutterRendererConfig* config,
    void* user_data,
    const flutter::PlatformViewEmbedder::PlatformDispatchTable&
        platform_dispatch_table,
    std::unique_ptr<flutter::EmbedderExternalViewEmbedder>
        external_view_embedder) {
#ifdef SHELL_ENABLE_GL
  if (config->type != kOpenGL) {
    return nullptr;
  }

  auto gl_make_current = [ptr = config->open_gl.make_current,
                          user_data]() -> bool { return ptr(user_data); };

  auto gl_clear_current = [ptr = config->open_gl.clear_current,
                           user_data]() -> bool { return ptr(user_data); };

  auto gl_present =
      [present = config->open_gl.present,
       present_with_info = config->open_gl.present_with_info,
       user_data](flutter::GLPresentInfo gl_present_info) -> bool {
    if (present) {
      return present(user_data);
    } else {
      // Format the frame and buffer damages accordingly. Note that, since the
      // current compute damage algorithm only returns one rectangle for damage
      // we are assuming the number of rectangles provided in frame and buffer
      // damage are always 1. Once the function that computes damage implements
      // support for multiple damage rectangles, GLPresentInfo should also
      // contain the number of damage rectangles.
      const size_t num_rects = 1;

      std::array<FlutterRect, num_rects> frame_damage_rect = {
          SkIRectToFlutterRect(*(gl_present_info.frame_damage))};
      std::array<FlutterRect, num_rects> buffer_damage_rect = {
          SkIRectToFlutterRect(*(gl_present_info.buffer_damage))};

      FlutterDamage frame_damage{
          .struct_size = sizeof(FlutterDamage),
          .num_rects = frame_damage_rect.size(),
          .damage = frame_damage_rect.data(),
      };
      FlutterDamage buffer_damage{
          .struct_size = sizeof(FlutterDamage),
          .num_rects = buffer_damage_rect.size(),
          .damage = buffer_damage_rect.data(),
      };

      // Construct the present information concerning the frame being rendered.
      FlutterPresentInfo present_info = {
          .struct_size = sizeof(FlutterPresentInfo),
          .fbo_id = gl_present_info.fbo_id,
          .frame_damage = frame_damage,
          .buffer_damage = buffer_damage,
      };

      return present_with_info(user_data, &present_info);
    }
  };

  auto gl_fbo_callback =
      [fbo_callback = config->open_gl.fbo_callback,
       fbo_with_frame_info_callback =
           config->open_gl.fbo_with_frame_info_callback,
       user_data](flutter::GLFrameInfo gl_frame_info) -> intptr_t {
    if (fbo_callback) {
      return fbo_callback(user_data);
    } else {
      FlutterFrameInfo frame_info = {};
      frame_info.struct_size = sizeof(FlutterFrameInfo);
      frame_info.size = {gl_frame_info.width, gl_frame_info.height};
      return fbo_with_frame_info_callback(user_data, &frame_info);
    }
  };

  auto gl_populate_existing_damage =
      [populate_existing_damage = config->open_gl.populate_existing_damage,
       user_data](intptr_t id) -> flutter::GLFBOInfo {
    // If no populate_existing_damage was provided, disable partial
    // repaint.
    if (!populate_existing_damage) {
      return flutter::GLFBOInfo{
          .fbo_id = static_cast<uint32_t>(id),
          .partial_repaint_enabled = false,
          .existing_damage = SkIRect::MakeEmpty(),
      };
    }

    // Given the FBO's ID, get its existing damage.
    FlutterDamage existing_damage;
    populate_existing_damage(user_data, id, &existing_damage);

    bool partial_repaint_enabled = true;
    SkIRect existing_damage_rect;

    // Verify that at least one damage rectangle was provided.
    if (existing_damage.num_rects <= 0 || existing_damage.damage == nullptr) {
      FML_LOG(INFO) << "No damage was provided. Forcing full repaint.";
      existing_damage_rect = SkIRect::MakeEmpty();
      partial_repaint_enabled = false;
    } else if (existing_damage.num_rects > 1) {
      // Log message notifying users that multi-damage is not yet available in
      // case they try to make use of it.
      FML_LOG(INFO) << "Damage with multiple rectangles not yet supported. "
                       "Repainting the whole frame.";
      existing_damage_rect = SkIRect::MakeEmpty();
      partial_repaint_enabled = false;
    } else {
      existing_damage_rect = FlutterRectToSkIRect(*(existing_damage.damage));
    }

    // Pass the information about this FBO to the rendering backend.
    return flutter::GLFBOInfo{
        .fbo_id = static_cast<uint32_t>(id),
        .partial_repaint_enabled = partial_repaint_enabled,
        .existing_damage = existing_damage_rect,
    };
  };

  const FlutterOpenGLRendererConfig* open_gl_config = &config->open_gl;
  std::function<bool()> gl_make_resource_current_callback = nullptr;
  if (SAFE_ACCESS(open_gl_config, make_resource_current, nullptr) != nullptr) {
    gl_make_resource_current_callback =
        [ptr = config->open_gl.make_resource_current, user_data]() {
          return ptr(user_data);
        };
  }

  std::function<SkMatrix(void)> gl_surface_transformation_callback = nullptr;
  if (SAFE_ACCESS(open_gl_config, surface_transformation, nullptr) != nullptr) {
    gl_surface_transformation_callback =
        [ptr = config->open_gl.surface_transformation, user_data]() {
          FlutterTransformation transformation = ptr(user_data);
          return SkMatrix::MakeAll(transformation.scaleX,  //
                                   transformation.skewX,   //
                                   transformation.transX,  //
                                   transformation.skewY,   //
                                   transformation.scaleY,  //
                                   transformation.transY,  //
                                   transformation.pers0,   //
                                   transformation.pers1,   //
                                   transformation.pers2    //
          );
        };

    // If there is an external view embedder, ask it to apply the surface
    // transformation to its surfaces as well.
    if (external_view_embedder) {
      external_view_embedder->SetSurfaceTransformationCallback(
          gl_surface_transformation_callback);
    }
  }

  flutter::GPUSurfaceGLDelegate::GLProcResolver gl_proc_resolver = nullptr;
  if (SAFE_ACCESS(open_gl_config, gl_proc_resolver, nullptr) != nullptr) {
    gl_proc_resolver = [ptr = config->open_gl.gl_proc_resolver,
                        user_data](const char* gl_proc_name) {
      return ptr(user_data, gl_proc_name);
    };
  } else {
#if FML_OS_LINUX || FML_OS_WIN
    gl_proc_resolver = DefaultGLProcResolver;
#endif
  }

  bool fbo_reset_after_present =
      SAFE_ACCESS(open_gl_config, fbo_reset_after_present, false);

  flutter::EmbedderSurfaceGL::GLDispatchTable gl_dispatch_table = {
      gl_make_current,                     // gl_make_current_callback
      gl_clear_current,                    // gl_clear_current_callback
      gl_present,                          // gl_present_callback
      gl_fbo_callback,                     // gl_fbo_callback
      gl_make_resource_current_callback,   // gl_make_resource_current_callback
      gl_surface_transformation_callback,  // gl_surface_transformation_callback
      gl_proc_resolver,                    // gl_proc_resolver
      gl_populate_existing_damage,         // gl_populate_existing_damage
  };

  return fml::MakeCopyable(
      [gl_dispatch_table, fbo_reset_after_present, platform_dispatch_table,
       external_view_embedder =
           std::move(external_view_embedder)](flutter::Shell& shell) mutable {
        return std::make_unique<flutter::PlatformViewEmbedder>(
            shell,                    // delegate
            shell.GetTaskRunners(),   // task runners
            gl_dispatch_table,        // embedder GL dispatch table
            fbo_reset_after_present,  // fbo reset after present
            platform_dispatch_table,  // embedder platform dispatch table
            std::move(external_view_embedder)  // external view embedder
        );
      });
#else
  return nullptr;
#endif
}

static flutter::Shell::CreateCallback<flutter::PlatformView>
InferMetalPlatformViewCreationCallback(
    const FlutterRendererConfig* config,
    void* user_data,
    const flutter::PlatformViewEmbedder::PlatformDispatchTable&
        platform_dispatch_table,
    std::unique_ptr<flutter::EmbedderExternalViewEmbedder>
        external_view_embedder) {
  if (config->type != kMetal) {
    return nullptr;
  }

#ifdef SHELL_ENABLE_METAL
  std::function<bool(flutter::GPUMTLTextureInfo texture)> metal_present =
      [ptr = config->metal.present_drawable_callback,
       user_data](flutter::GPUMTLTextureInfo texture) {
        FlutterMetalTexture embedder_texture;
        embedder_texture.struct_size = sizeof(FlutterMetalTexture);
        embedder_texture.texture = texture.texture;
        embedder_texture.texture_id = texture.texture_id;
        embedder_texture.user_data = texture.destruction_context;
        embedder_texture.destruction_callback = texture.destruction_callback;
        return ptr(user_data, &embedder_texture);
      };
  auto metal_get_texture =
      [ptr = config->metal.get_next_drawable_callback,
       user_data](const SkISize& frame_size) -> flutter::GPUMTLTextureInfo {
    FlutterFrameInfo frame_info = {};
    frame_info.struct_size = sizeof(FlutterFrameInfo);
    frame_info.size = {static_cast<uint32_t>(frame_size.width()),
                       static_cast<uint32_t>(frame_size.height())};
    flutter::GPUMTLTextureInfo texture_info;

    FlutterMetalTexture metal_texture = ptr(user_data, &frame_info);
    texture_info.texture_id = metal_texture.texture_id;
    texture_info.texture = metal_texture.texture;
    texture_info.destruction_callback = metal_texture.destruction_callback;
    texture_info.destruction_context = metal_texture.user_data;
    return texture_info;
  };

  flutter::EmbedderSurfaceMetal::MetalDispatchTable metal_dispatch_table = {
      .present = metal_present,
      .get_texture = metal_get_texture,
  };

  std::shared_ptr<flutter::EmbedderExternalViewEmbedder> view_embedder =
      std::move(external_view_embedder);

  std::unique_ptr<flutter::EmbedderSurfaceMetal> embedder_surface =
      std::make_unique<flutter::EmbedderSurfaceMetal>(
          const_cast<flutter::GPUMTLDeviceHandle>(config->metal.device),
          const_cast<flutter::GPUMTLCommandQueueHandle>(
              config->metal.present_command_queue),
          metal_dispatch_table, view_embedder);

  // The static leak checker gets confused by the use of fml::MakeCopyable.
  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks)
  return fml::MakeCopyable(
      [embedder_surface = std::move(embedder_surface), platform_dispatch_table,
       external_view_embedder = view_embedder](flutter::Shell& shell) mutable {
        return std::make_unique<flutter::PlatformViewEmbedder>(
            shell,                             // delegate
            shell.GetTaskRunners(),            // task runners
            std::move(embedder_surface),       // embedder surface
            platform_dispatch_table,           // platform dispatch table
            std::move(external_view_embedder)  // external view embedder
        );
      });
#else
  return nullptr;
#endif
}

static flutter::Shell::CreateCallback<flutter::PlatformView>
InferVulkanPlatformViewCreationCallback(
    const FlutterRendererConfig* config,
    void* user_data,
    const flutter::PlatformViewEmbedder::PlatformDispatchTable&
        platform_dispatch_table,
    std::unique_ptr<flutter::EmbedderExternalViewEmbedder>
        external_view_embedder) {
  if (config->type != kVulkan) {
    return nullptr;
  }

#ifdef SHELL_ENABLE_VULKAN
  std::function<void*(VkInstance, const char*)>
      vulkan_get_instance_proc_address =
          [ptr = config->vulkan.get_instance_proc_address_callback, user_data](
              VkInstance instance, const char* proc_name) -> void* {
    return ptr(user_data, instance, proc_name);
  };

  auto vulkan_get_next_image =
      [ptr = config->vulkan.get_next_image_callback,
       user_data](const SkISize& frame_size) -> FlutterVulkanImage {
    FlutterFrameInfo frame_info = {
        .struct_size = sizeof(FlutterFrameInfo),
        .size = {static_cast<uint32_t>(frame_size.width()),
                 static_cast<uint32_t>(frame_size.height())},
    };

    return ptr(user_data, &frame_info);
  };

  auto vulkan_present_image_callback =
      [ptr = config->vulkan.present_image_callback, user_data](
          VkImage image, VkFormat format) -> bool {
    FlutterVulkanImage image_desc = {
        .struct_size = sizeof(FlutterVulkanImage),
        .image = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(image),
        .format = static_cast<uint32_t>(format),
    };
    return ptr(user_data, &image_desc);
  };

  auto vk_instance = static_cast<VkInstance>(config->vulkan.instance);
  auto proc_addr =
      vulkan_get_instance_proc_address(vk_instance, "vkGetInstanceProcAddr");

  flutter::EmbedderSurfaceVulkan::VulkanDispatchTable vulkan_dispatch_table = {
      .get_instance_proc_address =
          reinterpret_cast<PFN_vkGetInstanceProcAddr>(proc_addr),
      .get_next_image = vulkan_get_next_image,
      .present_image = vulkan_present_image_callback,
  };

  std::shared_ptr<flutter::EmbedderExternalViewEmbedder> view_embedder =
      std::move(external_view_embedder);

  std::unique_ptr<flutter::EmbedderSurfaceVulkan> embedder_surface =
      std::make_unique<flutter::EmbedderSurfaceVulkan>(
          config->vulkan.version, vk_instance,
          config->vulkan.enabled_instance_extension_count,
          config->vulkan.enabled_instance_extensions,
          config->vulkan.enabled_device_extension_count,
          config->vulkan.enabled_device_extensions,
          static_cast<VkPhysicalDevice>(config->vulkan.physical_device),
          static_cast<VkDevice>(config->vulkan.device),
          config->vulkan.queue_family_index,
          static_cast<VkQueue>(config->vulkan.queue), vulkan_dispatch_table,
          view_embedder);

  return fml::MakeCopyable(
      [embedder_surface = std::move(embedder_surface), platform_dispatch_table,
       external_view_embedder =
           std::move(view_embedder)](flutter::Shell& shell) mutable {
        return std::make_unique<flutter::PlatformViewEmbedder>(
            shell,                             // delegate
            shell.GetTaskRunners(),            // task runners
            std::move(embedder_surface),       // embedder surface
            platform_dispatch_table,           // platform dispatch table
            std::move(external_view_embedder)  // external view embedder
        );
      });
#else
  return nullptr;
#endif
}

static flutter::Shell::CreateCallback<flutter::PlatformView>
InferSoftwarePlatformViewCreationCallback(
    const FlutterRendererConfig* config,
    void* user_data,
    const flutter::PlatformViewEmbedder::PlatformDispatchTable&
        platform_dispatch_table,
    std::unique_ptr<flutter::EmbedderExternalViewEmbedder>
        external_view_embedder) {
  if (config->type != kSoftware) {
    return nullptr;
  }

  auto software_present_backing_store =
      [ptr = config->software.surface_present_callback, user_data](
          const void* allocation, size_t row_bytes, size_t height) -> bool {
    return ptr(user_data, allocation, row_bytes, height);
  };

  flutter::EmbedderSurfaceSoftware::SoftwareDispatchTable
      software_dispatch_table = {
          software_present_backing_store,  // required
      };

  return fml::MakeCopyable(
      [software_dispatch_table, platform_dispatch_table,
       external_view_embedder =
           std::move(external_view_embedder)](flutter::Shell& shell) mutable {
        return std::make_unique<flutter::PlatformViewEmbedder>(
            shell,                             // delegate
            shell.GetTaskRunners(),            // task runners
            software_dispatch_table,           // software dispatch table
            platform_dispatch_table,           // platform dispatch table
            std::move(external_view_embedder)  // external view embedder
        );
      });
}

static flutter::Shell::CreateCallback<flutter::PlatformView>
InferPlatformViewCreationCallback(
    const FlutterRendererConfig* config,
    void* user_data,
    const flutter::PlatformViewEmbedder::PlatformDispatchTable&
        platform_dispatch_table,
    std::unique_ptr<flutter::EmbedderExternalViewEmbedder>
        external_view_embedder) {
  if (config == nullptr) {
    return nullptr;
  }

  switch (config->type) {
    case kOpenGL:
      return InferOpenGLPlatformViewCreationCallback(
          config, user_data, platform_dispatch_table,
          std::move(external_view_embedder));
    case kSoftware:
      return InferSoftwarePlatformViewCreationCallback(
          config, user_data, platform_dispatch_table,
          std::move(external_view_embedder));
    case kMetal:
      return InferMetalPlatformViewCreationCallback(
          config, user_data, platform_dispatch_table,
          std::move(external_view_embedder));
    case kVulkan:
      return InferVulkanPlatformViewCreationCallback(
          config, user_data, platform_dispatch_table,
          std::move(external_view_embedder));
    default:
      return nullptr;
  }
  return nullptr;
}

static sk_sp<SkSurface> MakeSkSurfaceFromBackingStore(
    GrDirectContext* context,
    const FlutterBackingStoreConfig& config,
    const FlutterOpenGLTexture* texture) {
#ifdef SHELL_ENABLE_GL
  GrGLTextureInfo texture_info;
  texture_info.fTarget = texture->target;
  texture_info.fID = texture->name;
  texture_info.fFormat = texture->format;

  GrBackendTexture backend_texture(config.size.width,   //
                                   config.size.height,  //
                                   GrMipMapped::kNo,    //
                                   texture_info         //
  );

  SkSurfaceProps surface_properties(0, kUnknown_SkPixelGeometry);

  auto surface = SkSurfaces::WrapBackendTexture(
      context,                      // context
      backend_texture,              // back-end texture
      kBottomLeft_GrSurfaceOrigin,  // surface origin
      1,                            // sample count
      kN32_SkColorType,             // color type
      SkColorSpace::MakeSRGB(),     // color space
      &surface_properties,          // surface properties
      static_cast<SkSurfaces::TextureReleaseProc>(
          texture->destruction_callback),  // release proc
      texture->user_data                   // release context
  );

  if (!surface) {
    FML_LOG(ERROR) << "Could not wrap embedder supplied render texture.";
    return nullptr;
  }

  return surface;
#else
  return nullptr;
#endif
}

static sk_sp<SkSurface> MakeSkSurfaceFromBackingStore(
    GrDirectContext* context,
    const FlutterBackingStoreConfig& config,
    const FlutterOpenGLFramebuffer* framebuffer) {
#ifdef SHELL_ENABLE_GL
  GrGLFramebufferInfo framebuffer_info = {};
  framebuffer_info.fFormat = framebuffer->target;
  framebuffer_info.fFBOID = framebuffer->name;

  GrBackendRenderTarget backend_render_target(
      config.size.width,   // width
      config.size.height,  // height
      1,                   // sample count
      0,                   // stencil bits
      framebuffer_info     // framebuffer info
  );

  SkSurfaceProps surface_properties(0, kUnknown_SkPixelGeometry);

  auto surface = SkSurfaces::WrapBackendRenderTarget(
      context,                      //  context
      backend_render_target,        // backend render target
      kBottomLeft_GrSurfaceOrigin,  // surface origin
      kN32_SkColorType,             // color type
      SkColorSpace::MakeSRGB(),     // color space
      &surface_properties,          // surface properties
      static_cast<SkSurface::RenderTargetReleaseProc>(
          framebuffer->destruction_callback),  // release proc
      framebuffer->user_data                   // release context
  );

  if (!surface) {
    FML_LOG(ERROR) << "Could not wrap embedder supplied frame-buffer.";
    return nullptr;
  }
  return surface;
#else
  return nullptr;
#endif
}

static sk_sp<SkSurface> MakeSkSurfaceFromBackingStore(
    GrDirectContext* context,
    const FlutterBackingStoreConfig& config,
    const FlutterSoftwareBackingStore* software) {
  const auto image_info =
      SkImageInfo::MakeN32Premul(config.size.width, config.size.height);

  struct Captures {
    VoidCallback destruction_callback;
    void* user_data;
  };
  auto captures = std::make_unique<Captures>();
  captures->destruction_callback = software->destruction_callback;
  captures->user_data = software->user_data;
  auto release_proc = [](void* pixels, void* context) {
    auto captures = reinterpret_cast<Captures*>(context);
    if (captures->destruction_callback) {
      captures->destruction_callback(captures->user_data);
    }
    delete captures;
  };

  auto surface =
      SkSurfaces::WrapPixels(image_info,  // image info
                             const_cast<void*>(software->allocation),  // pixels
                             software->row_bytes,  // row bytes
                             release_proc,         // release proc
                             captures.get()        // get context
      );

  if (!surface) {
    FML_LOG(ERROR)
        << "Could not wrap embedder supplied software render buffer.";
    if (software->destruction_callback) {
      software->destruction_callback(software->user_data);
    }
    return nullptr;
  }
  if (surface) {
    captures.release();  // Skia has assumed ownership of the struct.
  }
  return surface;
}

static sk_sp<SkSurface> MakeSkSurfaceFromBackingStore(
    GrDirectContext* context,
    const FlutterBackingStoreConfig& config,
    const FlutterSoftwareBackingStore2* software) {
  const auto color_info = getSkColorInfo(software->pixel_format);
  if (!color_info) {
    return nullptr;
  }

  const auto image_info = SkImageInfo::Make(
      SkISize::Make(config.size.width, config.size.height), *color_info);

  struct Captures {
    VoidCallback destruction_callback;
    void* user_data;
  };
  auto captures = std::make_unique<Captures>();
  captures->destruction_callback = software->destruction_callback;
  captures->user_data = software->user_data;
  auto release_proc = [](void* pixels, void* context) {
    auto captures = reinterpret_cast<Captures*>(context);
    if (captures->destruction_callback) {
      captures->destruction_callback(captures->user_data);
    }
  };

  auto surface =
      SkSurfaces::WrapPixels(image_info,  // image info
                             const_cast<void*>(software->allocation),  // pixels
                             software->row_bytes,  // row bytes
                             release_proc,         // release proc
                             captures.release()    // release context
      );

  if (!surface) {
    FML_LOG(ERROR)
        << "Could not wrap embedder supplied software render buffer.";
    if (software->destruction_callback) {
      software->destruction_callback(software->user_data);
    }
    return nullptr;
  }
  return surface;
}

static sk_sp<SkSurface> MakeSkSurfaceFromBackingStore(
    GrDirectContext* context,
    const FlutterBackingStoreConfig& config,
    const FlutterMetalBackingStore* metal) {
#ifdef SHELL_ENABLE_METAL
  GrMtlTextureInfo texture_info;
  if (!metal->texture.texture) {
    FML_LOG(ERROR) << "Embedder supplied null Metal texture.";
    return nullptr;
  }
  sk_cfp<FlutterMetalTextureHandle> mtl_texture;
  mtl_texture.retain(metal->texture.texture);
  texture_info.fTexture = mtl_texture;
  GrBackendTexture backend_texture(config.size.width,   //
                                   config.size.height,  //
                                   GrMipMapped::kNo,    //
                                   texture_info         //
  );

  SkSurfaceProps surface_properties(0, kUnknown_SkPixelGeometry);

  auto surface = SkSurfaces::WrapBackendTexture(
      context,                   // context
      backend_texture,           // back-end texture
      kTopLeft_GrSurfaceOrigin,  // surface origin
      // TODO(dnfield): Update this when embedders support MSAA, see
      // https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/100392
      1,                       // sample count
      kBGRA_8888_SkColorType,  // color type
      nullptr,                 // color space
      &surface_properties,     // surface properties
      static_cast<SkSurfaces::TextureReleaseProc>(
          metal->texture.destruction_callback),  // release proc
      metal->texture.user_data                   // release context
  );

  if (!surface) {
    FML_LOG(ERROR) << "Could not wrap embedder supplied Metal render texture.";
    return nullptr;
  }

  return surface;
#else
  return nullptr;
#endif
}

static sk_sp<SkSurface> MakeSkSurfaceFromBackingStore(
    GrDirectContext* context,
    const FlutterBackingStoreConfig& config,
    const FlutterVulkanBackingStore* vulkan) {
#ifdef SHELL_ENABLE_VULKAN
  if (!vulkan->image) {
    FML_LOG(ERROR) << "Embedder supplied null Vulkan image.";
    return nullptr;
  }
  GrVkImageInfo image_info = {
      .fImage = reinterpret_cast<VkImage>(vulkan->image->image),
      .fImageTiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL,
      .fImageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
      .fFormat = static_cast<VkFormat>(vulkan->image->format),
      .fImageUsageFlags = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT |
                          VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT |
                          VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT |
                          VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT,
      .fSampleCount = 1,
      .fLevelCount = 1,
  };
  GrBackendTexture backend_texture(config.size.width,   //
                                   config.size.height,  //
                                   image_info           //
  );

  SkSurfaceProps surface_properties(0, kUnknown_SkPixelGeometry);

  auto surface = SkSurfaces::WrapBackendTexture(
      context,                   // context
      backend_texture,           // back-end texture
      kTopLeft_GrSurfaceOrigin,  // surface origin
      1,                         // sample count
      flutter::GPUSurfaceVulkan::ColorTypeFromFormat(
          static_cast<VkFormat>(vulkan->image->format)),  // color type
      SkColorSpace::MakeSRGB(),                           // color space
      &surface_properties,                                // surface properties
      static_cast<SkSurfaces::TextureReleaseProc>(
          vulkan->destruction_callback),  // release proc
      vulkan->user_data                   // release context
  );

  if (!surface) {
    FML_LOG(ERROR) << "Could not wrap embedder supplied Vulkan render texture.";
    return nullptr;
  }

  return surface;
#else
  return nullptr;
#endif
}

static std::unique_ptr<flutter::EmbedderRenderTarget>
CreateEmbedderRenderTarget(const FlutterCompositor* compositor,
                           const FlutterBackingStoreConfig& config,
                           GrDirectContext* context) {
  FlutterBackingStore backing_store = {};
  backing_store.struct_size = sizeof(backing_store);

  // Safe access checks on the compositor struct have been performed in
  // InferExternalViewEmbedderFromArgs and are not necessary here.
  auto c_create_callback = compositor->create_backing_store_callback;
  auto c_collect_callback = compositor->collect_backing_store_callback;

  {
    TRACE_EVENT0("flutter", "FlutterCompositorCreateBackingStore");
    if (!c_create_callback(&config, &backing_store, compositor->user_data)) {
      FML_LOG(ERROR) << "Could not create the embedder backing store.";
      return nullptr;
    }
  }

  if (backing_store.struct_size != sizeof(backing_store)) {
    FML_LOG(ERROR) << "Embedder modified the backing store struct size.";
    return nullptr;
  }

  // In case we return early without creating an embedder render target, the
  // embedder has still given us ownership of its baton which we must return
  // back to it. If this method is successful, the closure is released when the
  // render target is eventually released.
  fml::ScopedCleanupClosure collect_callback(
      [c_collect_callback, backing_store, user_data = compositor->user_data]() {
        TRACE_EVENT0("flutter", "FlutterCompositorCollectBackingStore");
        c_collect_callback(&backing_store, user_data);
      });

  // No safe access checks on the renderer are necessary since we allocated
  // the struct.

  sk_sp<SkSurface> render_surface;

  switch (backing_store.type) {
    case kFlutterBackingStoreTypeOpenGL:
      switch (backing_store.open_gl.type) {
        case kFlutterOpenGLTargetTypeTexture:
          render_surface = MakeSkSurfaceFromBackingStore(
              context, config, &backing_store.open_gl.texture);
          break;
        case kFlutterOpenGLTargetTypeFramebuffer:
          render_surface = MakeSkSurfaceFromBackingStore(
              context, config, &backing_store.open_gl.framebuffer);
          break;
      }
      break;
    case kFlutterBackingStoreTypeSoftware:
      render_surface = MakeSkSurfaceFromBackingStore(context, config,
                                                     &backing_store.software);
      break;
    case kFlutterBackingStoreTypeSoftware2:
      render_surface = MakeSkSurfaceFromBackingStore(context, config,
                                                     &backing_store.software2);
      break;
    case kFlutterBackingStoreTypeMetal:
      render_surface =
          MakeSkSurfaceFromBackingStore(context, config, &backing_store.metal);
      break;

    case kFlutterBackingStoreTypeVulkan:
      render_surface =
          MakeSkSurfaceFromBackingStore(context, config, &backing_store.vulkan);
      break;
  };

  if (!render_surface) {
    FML_LOG(ERROR) << "Could not create a surface from an embedder provided "
                      "render target.";
    return nullptr;
  }

  return std::make_unique<flutter::EmbedderRenderTarget>(
      backing_store, std::move(render_surface), collect_callback.Release());
}

static std::pair<std::unique_ptr<flutter::EmbedderExternalViewEmbedder>,
                 bool /* halt engine launch if true */>
InferExternalViewEmbedderFromArgs(const FlutterCompositor* compositor) {
  if (compositor == nullptr) {
    return {nullptr, false};
  }

  auto c_create_callback =
      SAFE_ACCESS(compositor, create_backing_store_callback, nullptr);
  auto c_collect_callback =
      SAFE_ACCESS(compositor, collect_backing_store_callback, nullptr);
  auto c_present_callback =
      SAFE_ACCESS(compositor, present_layers_callback, nullptr);
  bool avoid_backing_store_cache =
      SAFE_ACCESS(compositor, avoid_backing_store_cache, false);

  // Make sure the required callbacks are present
  if (!c_create_callback || !c_collect_callback || !c_present_callback) {
    FML_LOG(ERROR) << "Required compositor callbacks absent.";
    return {nullptr, true};
  }

  FlutterCompositor captured_compositor = *compositor;

  flutter::EmbedderExternalViewEmbedder::CreateRenderTargetCallback
      create_render_target_callback =
          [captured_compositor](GrDirectContext* context, const auto& config) {
            return CreateEmbedderRenderTarget(&captured_compositor, config,
                                              context);
          };

  flutter::EmbedderExternalViewEmbedder::PresentCallback present_callback =
      [c_present_callback,
       user_data = compositor->user_data](const auto& layers) {
        TRACE_EVENT0("flutter", "FlutterCompositorPresentLayers");
        return c_present_callback(
            const_cast<const FlutterLayer**>(layers.data()), layers.size(),
            user_data);
      };

  return {std::make_unique<flutter::EmbedderExternalViewEmbedder>(
              avoid_backing_store_cache, create_render_target_callback,
              present_callback),
          false};
}

struct _FlutterPlatformMessageResponseHandle {
  std::unique_ptr<flutter::PlatformMessage> message;
};

struct LoadedElfDeleter {
  void operator()(Dart_LoadedElf* elf) {
    if (elf) {
      ::Dart_UnloadELF(elf);
    }
  }
};

using UniqueLoadedElf = std::unique_ptr<Dart_LoadedElf, LoadedElfDeleter>;

struct _FlutterEngineAOTData {
  UniqueLoadedElf loaded_elf = nullptr;
  const uint8_t* vm_snapshot_data = nullptr;
  const uint8_t* vm_snapshot_instrs = nullptr;
  const uint8_t* vm_isolate_data = nullptr;
  const uint8_t* vm_isolate_instrs = nullptr;
};

FlutterEngineResult FlutterEngineCreateAOTData(
    const FlutterEngineAOTDataSource* source,
    FlutterEngineAOTData* data_out) {
  if (!flutter::DartVM::IsRunningPrecompiledCode()) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments,
                              "AOT data can only be created in AOT mode.");
  } else if (!source) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments, "Null source specified.");
  } else if (!data_out) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments, "Null data_out specified.");
  }

  switch (source->type) {
    case kFlutterEngineAOTDataSourceTypeElfPath: {
      if (!source->elf_path || !fml::IsFile(source->elf_path)) {
        return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments,
                                  "Invalid ELF path specified.");
      }

      auto aot_data = std::make_unique<_FlutterEngineAOTData>();
      const char* error = nullptr;

#if OS_FUCHSIA
      // TODO(gw280): https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/50285
      // Dart doesn't implement Dart_LoadELF on Fuchsia
      Dart_LoadedElf* loaded_elf = nullptr;
#else
      Dart_LoadedElf* loaded_elf = Dart_LoadELF(
          source->elf_path,               // file path
          0,                              // file offset
          &error,                         // error (out)
          &aot_data->vm_snapshot_data,    // vm snapshot data (out)
          &aot_data->vm_snapshot_instrs,  // vm snapshot instr (out)
          &aot_data->vm_isolate_data,     // vm isolate data (out)
          &aot_data->vm_isolate_instrs    // vm isolate instr (out)
      );
#endif

      if (loaded_elf == nullptr) {
        return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments, error);
      }

      aot_data->loaded_elf.reset(loaded_elf);

      *data_out = aot_data.release();
      return kSuccess;
    }
  }

  return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(
      kInvalidArguments,
      "Invalid FlutterEngineAOTDataSourceType type specified.");
}

FlutterEngineResult FlutterEngineCollectAOTData(FlutterEngineAOTData data) {
  if (!data) {
    // Deleting a null object should be a no-op.
    return kSuccess;
  }

  // Created in a unique pointer in `FlutterEngineCreateAOTData`.
  delete data;
  return kSuccess;
}

// Constructs appropriate mapping callbacks if JIT snapshot locations have been
// explictly specified.
void PopulateJITSnapshotMappingCallbacks(const FlutterProjectArgs* args,
                                         flutter::Settings& settings) {
  auto make_mapping_callback = [](const char* path, bool executable) {
    return [path, executable]() {
      if (executable) {
        return fml::FileMapping::CreateReadExecute(path);
      } else {
        return fml::FileMapping::CreateReadOnly(path);
      }
    };
  };

  // Users are allowed to specify only certain snapshots if they so desire.
  if (SAFE_ACCESS(args, vm_snapshot_data, nullptr) != nullptr) {
    settings.vm_snapshot_data = make_mapping_callback(
        reinterpret_cast<const char*>(args->vm_snapshot_data), false);
  }

  if (SAFE_ACCESS(args, vm_snapshot_instructions, nullptr) != nullptr) {
    settings.vm_snapshot_instr = make_mapping_callback(
        reinterpret_cast<const char*>(args->vm_snapshot_instructions), true);
  }

  if (SAFE_ACCESS(args, isolate_snapshot_data, nullptr) != nullptr) {
    settings.isolate_snapshot_data = make_mapping_callback(
        reinterpret_cast<const char*>(args->isolate_snapshot_data), false);
  }

  if (SAFE_ACCESS(args, isolate_snapshot_instructions, nullptr) != nullptr) {
    settings.isolate_snapshot_instr = make_mapping_callback(
        reinterpret_cast<const char*>(args->isolate_snapshot_instructions),
        true);
  }

#if !OS_FUCHSIA && (FLUTTER_RUNTIME_MODE == FLUTTER_RUNTIME_MODE_DEBUG)
  settings.dart_library_sources_kernel = []() {
    return std::make_unique<fml::NonOwnedMapping>(kPlatformStrongDill,
                                                  kPlatformStrongDillSize);
  };
#endif  // !OS_FUCHSIA && (FLUTTER_RUNTIME_MODE ==
        // FLUTTER_RUNTIME_MODE_DEBUG)
}

void PopulateAOTSnapshotMappingCallbacks(
    const FlutterProjectArgs* args,
    flutter::Settings& settings) {  // NOLINT(google-runtime-references)
  // There are no ownership concerns here as all mappings are owned by the
  // embedder and not the engine.
  auto make_mapping_callback = [](const uint8_t* mapping, size_t size) {
    return [mapping, size]() {
      return std::make_unique<fml::NonOwnedMapping>(mapping, size);
    };
  };

  if (SAFE_ACCESS(args, aot_data, nullptr) != nullptr) {
    settings.vm_snapshot_data =
        make_mapping_callback(args->aot_data->vm_snapshot_data, 0);

    settings.vm_snapshot_instr =
        make_mapping_callback(args->aot_data->vm_snapshot_instrs, 0);

    settings.isolate_snapshot_data =
        make_mapping_callback(args->aot_data->vm_isolate_data, 0);

    settings.isolate_snapshot_instr =
        make_mapping_callback(args->aot_data->vm_isolate_instrs, 0);
  }

  if (SAFE_ACCESS(args, vm_snapshot_data, nullptr) != nullptr) {
    settings.vm_snapshot_data = make_mapping_callback(
        args->vm_snapshot_data, SAFE_ACCESS(args, vm_snapshot_data_size, 0));
  }

  if (SAFE_ACCESS(args, vm_snapshot_instructions, nullptr) != nullptr) {
    settings.vm_snapshot_instr = make_mapping_callback(
        args->vm_snapshot_instructions,
        SAFE_ACCESS(args, vm_snapshot_instructions_size, 0));
  }

  if (SAFE_ACCESS(args, isolate_snapshot_data, nullptr) != nullptr) {
    settings.isolate_snapshot_data =
        make_mapping_callback(args->isolate_snapshot_data,
                              SAFE_ACCESS(args, isolate_snapshot_data_size, 0));
  }

  if (SAFE_ACCESS(args, isolate_snapshot_instructions, nullptr) != nullptr) {
    settings.isolate_snapshot_instr = make_mapping_callback(
        args->isolate_snapshot_instructions,
        SAFE_ACCESS(args, isolate_snapshot_instructions_size, 0));
  }
}

// Translates engine semantic nodes to embedder semantic nodes.
FlutterSemanticsNode CreateEmbedderSemanticsNode(
    const flutter::SemanticsNode& node) {
  SkMatrix transform = node.transform.asM33();
  FlutterTransformation flutter_transform{
      transform.get(SkMatrix::kMScaleX), transform.get(SkMatrix::kMSkewX),
      transform.get(SkMatrix::kMTransX), transform.get(SkMatrix::kMSkewY),
      transform.get(SkMatrix::kMScaleY), transform.get(SkMatrix::kMTransY),
      transform.get(SkMatrix::kMPersp0), transform.get(SkMatrix::kMPersp1),
      transform.get(SkMatrix::kMPersp2)};

  // Do not add new members to FlutterSemanticsNode.
  // This would break the forward compatibility of FlutterSemanticsUpdate.
  // All new members must be added to FlutterSemanticsNode2 instead.
  return {
      sizeof(FlutterSemanticsNode),
      node.id,
      static_cast<FlutterSemanticsFlag>(node.flags),
      static_cast<FlutterSemanticsAction>(node.actions),
      node.textSelectionBase,
      node.textSelectionExtent,
      node.scrollChildren,
      node.scrollIndex,
      node.scrollPosition,
      node.scrollExtentMax,
      node.scrollExtentMin,
      node.elevation,
      node.thickness,
      node.label.c_str(),
      node.hint.c_str(),
      node.value.c_str(),
      node.increasedValue.c_str(),
      node.decreasedValue.c_str(),
      static_cast<FlutterTextDirection>(node.textDirection),
      FlutterRect{node.rect.fLeft, node.rect.fTop, node.rect.fRight,
                  node.rect.fBottom},
      flutter_transform,
      node.childrenInTraversalOrder.size(),
      node.childrenInTraversalOrder.data(),
      node.childrenInHitTestOrder.data(),
      node.customAccessibilityActions.size(),
      node.customAccessibilityActions.data(),
      node.platformViewId,
      node.tooltip.c_str(),
  };
}

// Translates engine semantic nodes to embedder semantic nodes.
FlutterSemanticsNode2 CreateEmbedderSemanticsNode2(
    const flutter::SemanticsNode& node) {
  SkMatrix transform = node.transform.asM33();
  FlutterTransformation flutter_transform{
      transform.get(SkMatrix::kMScaleX), transform.get(SkMatrix::kMSkewX),
      transform.get(SkMatrix::kMTransX), transform.get(SkMatrix::kMSkewY),
      transform.get(SkMatrix::kMScaleY), transform.get(SkMatrix::kMTransY),
      transform.get(SkMatrix::kMPersp0), transform.get(SkMatrix::kMPersp1),
      transform.get(SkMatrix::kMPersp2)};
  return {
      sizeof(FlutterSemanticsNode2),
      node.id,
      static_cast<FlutterSemanticsFlag>(node.flags),
      static_cast<FlutterSemanticsAction>(node.actions),
      node.textSelectionBase,
      node.textSelectionExtent,
      node.scrollChildren,
      node.scrollIndex,
      node.scrollPosition,
      node.scrollExtentMax,
      node.scrollExtentMin,
      node.elevation,
      node.thickness,
      node.label.c_str(),
      node.hint.c_str(),
      node.value.c_str(),
      node.increasedValue.c_str(),
      node.decreasedValue.c_str(),
      static_cast<FlutterTextDirection>(node.textDirection),
      FlutterRect{node.rect.fLeft, node.rect.fTop, node.rect.fRight,
                  node.rect.fBottom},
      flutter_transform,
      node.childrenInTraversalOrder.size(),
      node.childrenInTraversalOrder.data(),
      node.childrenInHitTestOrder.data(),
      node.customAccessibilityActions.size(),
      node.customAccessibilityActions.data(),
      node.platformViewId,
      node.tooltip.c_str(),
  };
}

// Translates engine semantic custom actions to embedder semantic custom
// actions.
FlutterSemanticsCustomAction CreateEmbedderSemanticsCustomAction(
    const flutter::CustomAccessibilityAction& action) {
  // Do not add new members to FlutterSemanticsCustomAction.
  // This would break the forward compatibility of FlutterSemanticsUpdate.
  // All new members must be added to FlutterSemanticsCustomAction2 instead.
  return {
      sizeof(FlutterSemanticsCustomAction),
      action.id,
      static_cast<FlutterSemanticsAction>(action.overrideId),
      action.label.c_str(),
      action.hint.c_str(),
  };
}

// Translates engine semantic custom actions to embedder semantic custom
// actions.
FlutterSemanticsCustomAction2 CreateEmbedderSemanticsCustomAction2(
    const flutter::CustomAccessibilityAction& action) {
  return {
      sizeof(FlutterSemanticsCustomAction2),
      action.id,
      static_cast<FlutterSemanticsAction>(action.overrideId),
      action.label.c_str(),
      action.hint.c_str(),
  };
}

// Create a callback to notify the embedder of semantic updates
// using the deprecated embedder callback 'update_semantics_callback'.
flutter::PlatformViewEmbedder::UpdateSemanticsCallback
CreateNewEmbedderSemanticsUpdateCallback(
    FlutterUpdateSemanticsCallback update_semantics_callback,
    void* user_data) {
  return [update_semantics_callback, user_data](
             const flutter::SemanticsNodeUpdates& nodes,
             const flutter::CustomAccessibilityActionUpdates& actions) {
    std::vector<FlutterSemanticsNode> embedder_nodes;
    for (const auto& value : nodes) {
      embedder_nodes.push_back(CreateEmbedderSemanticsNode(value.second));
    }

    std::vector<FlutterSemanticsCustomAction> embedder_custom_actions;
    for (const auto& value : actions) {
      embedder_custom_actions.push_back(
          CreateEmbedderSemanticsCustomAction(value.second));
    }

    FlutterSemanticsUpdate update{
        .struct_size = sizeof(FlutterSemanticsUpdate),
        .nodes_count = embedder_nodes.size(),
        .nodes = embedder_nodes.data(),
        .custom_actions_count = embedder_custom_actions.size(),
        .custom_actions = embedder_custom_actions.data(),
    };

    update_semantics_callback(&update, user_data);
  };
}

// Create a callback to notify the embedder of semantic updates
// using the new embedder callback 'update_semantics_callback2'.
flutter::PlatformViewEmbedder::UpdateSemanticsCallback
CreateNewEmbedderSemanticsUpdateCallback2(
    FlutterUpdateSemanticsCallback2 update_semantics_callback,
    void* user_data) {
  return [update_semantics_callback, user_data](
             const flutter::SemanticsNodeUpdates& nodes,
             const flutter::CustomAccessibilityActionUpdates& actions) {
    std::vector<FlutterSemanticsNode2> embedder_nodes;
    std::vector<FlutterSemanticsCustomAction2> embedder_custom_actions;

    embedder_nodes.reserve(nodes.size());
    embedder_custom_actions.reserve(actions.size());

    for (const auto& value : nodes) {
      embedder_nodes.push_back(CreateEmbedderSemanticsNode2(value.second));
    }

    for (const auto& value : actions) {
      embedder_custom_actions.push_back(
          CreateEmbedderSemanticsCustomAction2(value.second));
    }

    // Provide the embedder an array of pointers to maintain full forward and
    // backward compatibility even if new members are added to semantic structs.
    std::vector<FlutterSemanticsNode2*> embedder_node_pointers;
    std::vector<FlutterSemanticsCustomAction2*> embedder_custom_action_pointers;

    embedder_node_pointers.reserve(embedder_nodes.size());
    embedder_custom_action_pointers.reserve(embedder_custom_actions.size());

    for (auto& node : embedder_nodes) {
      embedder_node_pointers.push_back(&node);
    }

    for (auto& action : embedder_custom_actions) {
      embedder_custom_action_pointers.push_back(&action);
    }

    FlutterSemanticsUpdate2 update{
        .struct_size = sizeof(FlutterSemanticsUpdate2),
        .node_count = embedder_node_pointers.size(),
        .nodes = embedder_node_pointers.data(),
        .custom_action_count = embedder_custom_action_pointers.size(),
        .custom_actions = embedder_custom_action_pointers.data(),
    };

    update_semantics_callback(&update, user_data);
  };
}

// Create a callback to notify the embedder of semantic updates
// using the legacy embedder callbacks 'update_semantics_node_callback' and
// 'update_semantics_custom_action_callback'.
flutter::PlatformViewEmbedder::UpdateSemanticsCallback
CreateLegacyEmbedderSemanticsUpdateCallback(
    FlutterUpdateSemanticsNodeCallback update_semantics_node_callback,
    FlutterUpdateSemanticsCustomActionCallback
        update_semantics_custom_action_callback,
    void* user_data) {
  return [update_semantics_node_callback,
          update_semantics_custom_action_callback,
          user_data](const flutter::SemanticsNodeUpdates& nodes,
                     const flutter::CustomAccessibilityActionUpdates& actions) {
    // First, queue all node and custom action updates.
    if (update_semantics_node_callback != nullptr) {
      for (const auto& value : nodes) {
        const FlutterSemanticsNode embedder_node =
            CreateEmbedderSemanticsNode(value.second);
        update_semantics_node_callback(&embedder_node, user_data);
      }
    }

    if (update_semantics_custom_action_callback != nullptr) {
      for (const auto& value : actions) {
        const FlutterSemanticsCustomAction embedder_action =
            CreateEmbedderSemanticsCustomAction(value.second);
        update_semantics_custom_action_callback(&embedder_action, user_data);
      }
    }

    // Second, mark node and action batches completed now that all
    // updates are queued.
    if (update_semantics_node_callback != nullptr) {
      const FlutterSemanticsNode batch_end_sentinel = {
          sizeof(FlutterSemanticsNode),
          kFlutterSemanticsNodeIdBatchEnd,
      };
      update_semantics_node_callback(&batch_end_sentinel, user_data);
    }

    if (update_semantics_custom_action_callback != nullptr) {
      const FlutterSemanticsCustomAction batch_end_sentinel = {
          sizeof(FlutterSemanticsCustomAction),
          kFlutterSemanticsCustomActionIdBatchEnd,
      };
      update_semantics_custom_action_callback(&batch_end_sentinel, user_data);
    }
  };
}

// Creates a callback that receives semantic updates from the engine
// and notifies the embedder's callback(s). Returns null if the embedder
// did not register any callbacks.
flutter::PlatformViewEmbedder::UpdateSemanticsCallback
CreateEmbedderSemanticsUpdateCallback(const FlutterProjectArgs* args,
                                      void* user_data) {
  // The embedder can register the new callback, or the legacy callbacks, or
  // nothing at all. Handle the case where the embedder registered the 'new'
  // callback.
  if (SAFE_ACCESS(args, update_semantics_callback2, nullptr) != nullptr) {
    return CreateNewEmbedderSemanticsUpdateCallback2(
        args->update_semantics_callback2, user_data);
  }

  if (SAFE_ACCESS(args, update_semantics_callback, nullptr) != nullptr) {
    return CreateNewEmbedderSemanticsUpdateCallback(
        args->update_semantics_callback, user_data);
  }

  // Handle the case where the embedder registered 'legacy' callbacks.
  FlutterUpdateSemanticsNodeCallback update_semantics_node_callback = nullptr;
  if (SAFE_ACCESS(args, update_semantics_node_callback, nullptr) != nullptr) {
    update_semantics_node_callback = args->update_semantics_node_callback;
  }

  FlutterUpdateSemanticsCustomActionCallback
      update_semantics_custom_action_callback = nullptr;
  if (SAFE_ACCESS(args, update_semantics_custom_action_callback, nullptr) !=
      nullptr) {
    update_semantics_custom_action_callback =
        args->update_semantics_custom_action_callback;
  }

  if (update_semantics_node_callback != nullptr ||
      update_semantics_custom_action_callback != nullptr) {
    return CreateLegacyEmbedderSemanticsUpdateCallback(
        update_semantics_node_callback, update_semantics_custom_action_callback,
        user_data);
  }

  // Handle the case where the embedder registered no callbacks.
  return nullptr;
}

FlutterEngineResult FlutterEngineRun(size_t version,
                                     const FlutterRendererConfig* config,
                                     const FlutterProjectArgs* args,
                                     void* user_data,
                                     FLUTTER_API_SYMBOL(FlutterEngine) *
                                         engine_out) {
  auto result =
      FlutterEngineInitialize(version, config, args, user_data, engine_out);

  if (result != kSuccess) {
    return result;
  }

  return FlutterEngineRunInitialized(*engine_out);
}

FlutterEngineResult FlutterEngineInitialize(size_t version,
                                            const FlutterRendererConfig* config,
                                            const FlutterProjectArgs* args,
                                            void* user_data,
                                            FLUTTER_API_SYMBOL(FlutterEngine) *
                                                engine_out) {
  // Step 0: Figure out arguments for shell creation.
  if (version != FLUTTER_ENGINE_VERSION) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(
        kInvalidLibraryVersion,
        "Flutter embedder version mismatch. There has been a breaking change. "
        "Please consult the changelog and update the embedder.");
  }

  if (engine_out == nullptr) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments,
                              "The engine out parameter was missing.");
  }

  if (args == nullptr) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments,
                              "The Flutter project arguments were missing.");
  }

  if (SAFE_ACCESS(args, assets_path, nullptr) == nullptr) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(
        kInvalidArguments,
        "The assets path in the Flutter project arguments was missing.");
  }

  if (SAFE_ACCESS(args, main_path__unused__, nullptr) != nullptr) {
    FML_LOG(WARNING)
        << "FlutterProjectArgs.main_path is deprecated and should be set null.";
  }

  if (SAFE_ACCESS(args, packages_path__unused__, nullptr) != nullptr) {
    FML_LOG(WARNING) << "FlutterProjectArgs.packages_path is deprecated and "
                        "should be set null.";
  }

  if (!IsRendererValid(config)) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments,
                              "The renderer configuration was invalid.");
  }

  std::string icu_data_path;
  if (SAFE_ACCESS(args, icu_data_path, nullptr) != nullptr) {
    icu_data_path = SAFE_ACCESS(args, icu_data_path, nullptr);
  }

  if (SAFE_ACCESS(args, persistent_cache_path, nullptr) != nullptr) {
    std::string persistent_cache_path =
        SAFE_ACCESS(args, persistent_cache_path, nullptr);
    flutter::PersistentCache::SetCacheDirectoryPath(persistent_cache_path);
  }

  if (SAFE_ACCESS(args, is_persistent_cache_read_only, false)) {
    flutter::PersistentCache::gIsReadOnly = true;
  }

  fml::CommandLine command_line;
  if (SAFE_ACCESS(args, command_line_argc, 0) != 0 &&
      SAFE_ACCESS(args, command_line_argv, nullptr) != nullptr) {
    command_line = fml::CommandLineFromArgcArgv(
        SAFE_ACCESS(args, command_line_argc, 0),
        SAFE_ACCESS(args, command_line_argv, nullptr));
  }

  flutter::Settings settings = flutter::SettingsFromCommandLine(command_line);

  if (SAFE_ACCESS(args, aot_data, nullptr)) {
    if (SAFE_ACCESS(args, vm_snapshot_data, nullptr) ||
        SAFE_ACCESS(args, vm_snapshot_instructions, nullptr) ||
        SAFE_ACCESS(args, isolate_snapshot_data, nullptr) ||
        SAFE_ACCESS(args, isolate_snapshot_instructions, nullptr)) {
      return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(
          kInvalidArguments,
          "Multiple AOT sources specified. Embedders should provide either "
          "*_snapshot_* buffers or aot_data, not both.");
    }
  }

  if (flutter::DartVM::IsRunningPrecompiledCode()) {
    PopulateAOTSnapshotMappingCallbacks(args, settings);
  } else {
    PopulateJITSnapshotMappingCallbacks(args, settings);
  }

  settings.icu_data_path = icu_data_path;
  settings.assets_path = args->assets_path;
  settings.leak_vm = !SAFE_ACCESS(args, shutdown_dart_vm_when_done, false);
  settings.old_gen_heap_size = SAFE_ACCESS(args, dart_old_gen_heap_size, -1);

  if (!flutter::DartVM::IsRunningPrecompiledCode()) {
    // Verify the assets path contains Dart 2 kernel assets.
    const std::string kApplicationKernelSnapshotFileName = "kernel_blob.bin";
    std::string application_kernel_path = fml::paths::JoinPaths(
        {settings.assets_path, kApplicationKernelSnapshotFileName});
    if (!fml::IsFile(application_kernel_path)) {
      return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(
          kInvalidArguments,
          "Not running in AOT mode but could not resolve the kernel binary.");
    }
    settings.application_kernel_asset = kApplicationKernelSnapshotFileName;
  }

  settings.task_observer_add = [](intptr_t key, const fml::closure& callback) {
    fml::MessageLoop::GetCurrent().AddTaskObserver(key, callback);
  };
  settings.task_observer_remove = [](intptr_t key) {
    fml::MessageLoop::GetCurrent().RemoveTaskObserver(key);
  };
  if (SAFE_ACCESS(args, root_isolate_create_callback, nullptr) != nullptr) {
    VoidCallback callback =
        SAFE_ACCESS(args, root_isolate_create_callback, nullptr);
    settings.root_isolate_create_callback =
        [callback, user_data](const auto& isolate) { callback(user_data); };
  }
  if (SAFE_ACCESS(args, log_message_callback, nullptr) != nullptr) {
    FlutterLogMessageCallback callback =
        SAFE_ACCESS(args, log_message_callback, nullptr);
    settings.log_message_callback = [callback, user_data](
                                        const std::string& tag,
                                        const std::string& message) {
      callback(tag.c_str(), message.c_str(), user_data);
    };
  }
  if (SAFE_ACCESS(args, log_tag, nullptr) != nullptr) {
    settings.log_tag = SAFE_ACCESS(args, log_tag, nullptr);
  }

  bool has_update_semantics_2_callback =
      SAFE_ACCESS(args, update_semantics_callback2, nullptr) != nullptr;
  bool has_update_semantics_callback =
      SAFE_ACCESS(args, update_semantics_callback, nullptr) != nullptr;
  bool has_legacy_update_semantics_callback =
      SAFE_ACCESS(args, update_semantics_node_callback, nullptr) != nullptr ||
      SAFE_ACCESS(args, update_semantics_custom_action_callback, nullptr) !=
          nullptr;

  int semantic_callback_count = (has_update_semantics_2_callback ? 1 : 0) +
                                (has_update_semantics_callback ? 1 : 0) +
                                (has_legacy_update_semantics_callback ? 1 : 0);

  if (semantic_callback_count > 1) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(
        kInvalidArguments,
        "Multiple semantics update callbacks provided. "
        "Embedders should provide either `update_semantics_callback2`, "
        "`update_semantics_callback`, or both "
        "`update_semantics_node_callback` and "
        "`update_semantics_custom_action_callback`.");
  }

  flutter::PlatformViewEmbedder::UpdateSemanticsCallback
      update_semantics_callback =
          CreateEmbedderSemanticsUpdateCallback(args, user_data);

  flutter::PlatformViewEmbedder::PlatformMessageResponseCallback
      platform_message_response_callback = nullptr;
  if (SAFE_ACCESS(args, platform_message_callback, nullptr) != nullptr) {
    platform_message_response_callback =
        [ptr = args->platform_message_callback,
         user_data](std::unique_ptr<flutter::PlatformMessage> message) {
          auto handle = new FlutterPlatformMessageResponseHandle();
          const FlutterPlatformMessage incoming_message = {
              sizeof(FlutterPlatformMessage),  // struct_size
              message->channel().c_str(),      // channel
              message->data().GetMapping(),    // message
              message->data().GetSize(),       // message_size
              handle,                          // response_handle
          };
          handle->message = std::move(message);
          return ptr(&incoming_message, user_data);
        };
  }

  flutter::VsyncWaiterEmbedder::VsyncCallback vsync_callback = nullptr;
  if (SAFE_ACCESS(args, vsync_callback, nullptr) != nullptr) {
    vsync_callback = [ptr = args->vsync_callback, user_data](intptr_t baton) {
      return ptr(user_data, baton);
    };
  }

  flutter::PlatformViewEmbedder::ComputePlatformResolvedLocaleCallback
      compute_platform_resolved_locale_callback = nullptr;
  if (SAFE_ACCESS(args, compute_platform_resolved_locale_callback, nullptr) !=
      nullptr) {
    compute_platform_resolved_locale_callback =
        [ptr = args->compute_platform_resolved_locale_callback](
            const std::vector<std::string>& supported_locales_data) {
          const size_t number_of_strings_per_locale = 3;
          size_t locale_count =
              supported_locales_data.size() / number_of_strings_per_locale;
          std::vector<FlutterLocale> supported_locales;
          std::vector<const FlutterLocale*> supported_locales_ptr;
          for (size_t i = 0; i < locale_count; ++i) {
            supported_locales.push_back(
                {.struct_size = sizeof(FlutterLocale),
                 .language_code =
                     supported_locales_data[i * number_of_strings_per_locale +
                                            0]
                         .c_str(),
                 .country_code =
                     supported_locales_data[i * number_of_strings_per_locale +
                                            1]
                         .c_str(),
                 .script_code =
                     supported_locales_data[i * number_of_strings_per_locale +
                                            2]
                         .c_str(),
                 .variant_code = nullptr});
            supported_locales_ptr.push_back(&supported_locales[i]);
          }

          const FlutterLocale* result =
              ptr(supported_locales_ptr.data(), locale_count);

          std::unique_ptr<std::vector<std::string>> out =
              std::make_unique<std::vector<std::string>>();
          if (result) {
            std::string language_code(SAFE_ACCESS(result, language_code, ""));
            if (language_code != "") {
              out->push_back(language_code);
              out->emplace_back(SAFE_ACCESS(result, country_code, ""));
              out->emplace_back(SAFE_ACCESS(result, script_code, ""));
            }
          }
          return out;
        };
  }

  flutter::PlatformViewEmbedder::OnPreEngineRestartCallback
      on_pre_engine_restart_callback = nullptr;
  if (SAFE_ACCESS(args, on_pre_engine_restart_callback, nullptr) != nullptr) {
    on_pre_engine_restart_callback = [ptr =
                                          args->on_pre_engine_restart_callback,
                                      user_data]() { return ptr(user_data); };
  }

  auto external_view_embedder_result =
      InferExternalViewEmbedderFromArgs(SAFE_ACCESS(args, compositor, nullptr));
  if (external_view_embedder_result.second) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments,
                              "Compositor arguments were invalid.");
  }

  flutter::PlatformViewEmbedder::PlatformDispatchTable platform_dispatch_table =
      {
          update_semantics_callback,                  //
          platform_message_response_callback,         //
          vsync_callback,                             //
          compute_platform_resolved_locale_callback,  //
          on_pre_engine_restart_callback,             //
      };

  auto on_create_platform_view = InferPlatformViewCreationCallback(
      config, user_data, platform_dispatch_table,
      std::move(external_view_embedder_result.first));

  if (!on_create_platform_view) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(
        kInternalInconsistency,
        "Could not infer platform view creation callback.");
  }

  flutter::Shell::CreateCallback<flutter::Rasterizer> on_create_rasterizer =
      [](flutter::Shell& shell) {
        return std::make_unique<flutter::Rasterizer>(shell);
      };

  using ExternalTextureResolver = flutter::EmbedderExternalTextureResolver;
  std::unique_ptr<ExternalTextureResolver> external_texture_resolver;
  external_texture_resolver = std::make_unique<ExternalTextureResolver>();

#ifdef SHELL_ENABLE_GL
  flutter::EmbedderExternalTextureGL::ExternalTextureCallback
      external_texture_callback;
  if (config->type == kOpenGL) {
    const FlutterOpenGLRendererConfig* open_gl_config = &config->open_gl;
    if (SAFE_ACCESS(open_gl_config, gl_external_texture_frame_callback,
                    nullptr) != nullptr) {
      external_texture_callback =
          [ptr = open_gl_config->gl_external_texture_frame_callback, user_data](
              int64_t texture_identifier, size_t width,
              size_t height) -> std::unique_ptr<FlutterOpenGLTexture> {
        std::unique_ptr<FlutterOpenGLTexture> texture =
            std::make_unique<FlutterOpenGLTexture>();
        if (!ptr(user_data, texture_identifier, width, height, texture.get())) {
          return nullptr;
        }
        return texture;
      };
      external_texture_resolver =
          std::make_unique<ExternalTextureResolver>(external_texture_callback);
    }
  }
#endif
#ifdef SHELL_ENABLE_METAL
  flutter::EmbedderExternalTextureMetal::ExternalTextureCallback
      external_texture_metal_callback;
  if (config->type == kMetal) {
    const FlutterMetalRendererConfig* metal_config = &config->metal;
    if (SAFE_ACCESS(metal_config, external_texture_frame_callback, nullptr)) {
      external_texture_metal_callback =
          [ptr = metal_config->external_texture_frame_callback, user_data](
              int64_t texture_identifier, size_t width,
              size_t height) -> std::unique_ptr<FlutterMetalExternalTexture> {
        std::unique_ptr<FlutterMetalExternalTexture> texture =
            std::make_unique<FlutterMetalExternalTexture>();
        texture->struct_size = sizeof(FlutterMetalExternalTexture);
        if (!ptr(user_data, texture_identifier, width, height, texture.get())) {
          return nullptr;
        }
        return texture;
      };
      external_texture_resolver = std::make_unique<ExternalTextureResolver>(
          external_texture_metal_callback);
    }
  }
#endif
  auto custom_task_runners = SAFE_ACCESS(args, custom_task_runners, nullptr);
  auto thread_config_callback = [&custom_task_runners](
                                    const fml::Thread::ThreadConfig& config) {
    fml::Thread::SetCurrentThreadName(config);
    if (!custom_task_runners || !custom_task_runners->thread_priority_setter) {
      return;
    }
    FlutterThreadPriority priority = FlutterThreadPriority::kNormal;
    switch (config.priority) {
      case fml::Thread::ThreadPriority::BACKGROUND:
        priority = FlutterThreadPriority::kBackground;
        break;
      case fml::Thread::ThreadPriority::NORMAL:
        priority = FlutterThreadPriority::kNormal;
        break;
      case fml::Thread::ThreadPriority::DISPLAY:
        priority = FlutterThreadPriority::kDisplay;
        break;
      case fml::Thread::ThreadPriority::RASTER:
        priority = FlutterThreadPriority::kRaster;
        break;
    }
    custom_task_runners->thread_priority_setter(priority);
  };
  auto thread_host =
      flutter::EmbedderThreadHost::CreateEmbedderOrEngineManagedThreadHost(
          custom_task_runners, thread_config_callback);

  if (!thread_host || !thread_host->IsValid()) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments,
                              "Could not set up or infer thread configuration "
                              "to run the Flutter engine on.");
  }

  auto task_runners = thread_host->GetTaskRunners();

  if (!task_runners.IsValid()) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInternalInconsistency,
                              "Task runner configuration was invalid.");
  }

  auto run_configuration =
      flutter::RunConfiguration::InferFromSettings(settings);

  if (SAFE_ACCESS(args, custom_dart_entrypoint, nullptr) != nullptr) {
    auto dart_entrypoint = std::string{args->custom_dart_entrypoint};
    if (!dart_entrypoint.empty()) {
      run_configuration.SetEntrypoint(std::move(dart_entrypoint));
    }
  }

  if (SAFE_ACCESS(args, dart_entrypoint_argc, 0) > 0) {
    if (SAFE_ACCESS(args, dart_entrypoint_argv, nullptr) == nullptr) {
      return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments,
                                "Could not determine Dart entrypoint arguments "
                                "as dart_entrypoint_argc "
                                "was set, but dart_entrypoint_argv was null.");
    }
    std::vector<std::string> arguments(args->dart_entrypoint_argc);
    for (int i = 0; i < args->dart_entrypoint_argc; ++i) {
      arguments[i] = std::string{args->dart_entrypoint_argv[i]};
    }
    run_configuration.SetEntrypointArgs(std::move(arguments));
  }

  if (!run_configuration.IsValid()) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(
        kInvalidArguments,
        "Could not infer the Flutter project to run from given arguments.");
  }

  // Create the engine but don't launch the shell or run the root isolate.
  auto embedder_engine = std::make_unique<flutter::EmbedderEngine>(
      std::move(thread_host),               //
      std::move(task_runners),              //
      std::move(settings),                  //
      std::move(run_configuration),         //
      on_create_platform_view,              //
      on_create_rasterizer,                 //
      std::move(external_texture_resolver)  //
  );

  // Release the ownership of the embedder engine to the caller.
  *engine_out = reinterpret_cast<FLUTTER_API_SYMBOL(FlutterEngine)>(
      embedder_engine.release());
  return kSuccess;
}

FlutterEngineResult FlutterEngineRunInitialized(
    FLUTTER_API_SYMBOL(FlutterEngine) engine) {
  if (!engine) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments, "Engine handle was invalid.");
  }

  auto embedder_engine = reinterpret_cast<flutter::EmbedderEngine*>(engine);

  // The engine must not already be running. Initialize may only be called
  // once on an engine instance.
  if (embedder_engine->IsValid()) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments, "Engine handle was invalid.");
  }

  // Step 1: Launch the shell.
  if (!embedder_engine->LaunchShell()) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments,
                              "Could not launch the engine using supplied "
                              "initialization arguments.");
  }

  // Step 2: Tell the platform view to initialize itself.
  if (!embedder_engine->NotifyCreated()) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInternalInconsistency,
                              "Could not create platform view components.");
  }

  // Step 3: Launch the root isolate.
  if (!embedder_engine->RunRootIsolate()) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(
        kInvalidArguments,
        "Could not run the root isolate of the Flutter application using the "
        "project arguments specified.");
  }

  return kSuccess;
}

FLUTTER_EXPORT
FlutterEngineResult FlutterEngineDeinitialize(FLUTTER_API_SYMBOL(FlutterEngine)
                                                  engine) {
  if (engine == nullptr) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments, "Engine handle was invalid.");
  }

  auto embedder_engine = reinterpret_cast<flutter::EmbedderEngine*>(engine);
  embedder_engine->NotifyDestroyed();
  embedder_engine->CollectShell();
  return kSuccess;
}

FlutterEngineResult FlutterEngineShutdown(FLUTTER_API_SYMBOL(FlutterEngine)
                                              engine) {
  auto result = FlutterEngineDeinitialize(engine);
  if (result != kSuccess) {
    return result;
  }
  auto embedder_engine = reinterpret_cast<flutter::EmbedderEngine*>(engine);
  delete embedder_engine;
  return kSuccess;
}

FlutterEngineResult FlutterEngineSendWindowMetricsEvent(
    FLUTTER_API_SYMBOL(FlutterEngine) engine,
    const FlutterWindowMetricsEvent* flutter_metrics) {
  if (engine == nullptr || flutter_metrics == nullptr) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments, "Engine handle was invalid.");
  }

  flutter::ViewportMetrics metrics;

  metrics.physical_width = SAFE_ACCESS(flutter_metrics, width, 0.0);
  metrics.physical_height = SAFE_ACCESS(flutter_metrics, height, 0.0);
  metrics.device_pixel_ratio = SAFE_ACCESS(flutter_metrics, pixel_ratio, 1.0);
  metrics.physical_view_inset_top =
      SAFE_ACCESS(flutter_metrics, physical_view_inset_top, 0.0);
  metrics.physical_view_inset_right =
      SAFE_ACCESS(flutter_metrics, physical_view_inset_right, 0.0);
  metrics.physical_view_inset_bottom =
      SAFE_ACCESS(flutter_metrics, physical_view_inset_bottom, 0.0);
  metrics.physical_view_inset_left =
      SAFE_ACCESS(flutter_metrics, physical_view_inset_left, 0.0);

  if (metrics.device_pixel_ratio <= 0.0) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(
        kInvalidArguments,
        "Device pixel ratio was invalid. It must be greater than zero.");
  }

  if (metrics.physical_view_inset_top < 0 ||
      metrics.physical_view_inset_right < 0 ||
      metrics.physical_view_inset_bottom < 0 ||
      metrics.physical_view_inset_left < 0) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(
        kInvalidArguments,
        "Physical view insets are invalid. They must be non-negative.");
  }

  if (metrics.physical_view_inset_top > metrics.physical_height ||
      metrics.physical_view_inset_right > metrics.physical_width ||
      metrics.physical_view_inset_bottom > metrics.physical_height ||
      metrics.physical_view_inset_left > metrics.physical_width) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments,
                              "Physical view insets are invalid. They cannot "
                              "be greater than physical height or width.");
  }

  return reinterpret_cast<flutter::EmbedderEngine*>(engine)->SetViewportMetrics(
             metrics)
             ? kSuccess
             : LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments,
                                  "Viewport metrics were invalid.");
}

// Returns the flutter::PointerData::Change for the given FlutterPointerPhase.
inline flutter::PointerData::Change ToPointerDataChange(
    FlutterPointerPhase phase) {
  switch (phase) {
    case kCancel:
      return flutter::PointerData::Change::kCancel;
    case kUp:
      return flutter::PointerData::Change::kUp;
    case kDown:
      return flutter::PointerData::Change::kDown;
    case kMove:
      return flutter::PointerData::Change::kMove;
    case kAdd:
      return flutter::PointerData::Change::kAdd;
    case kRemove:
      return flutter::PointerData::Change::kRemove;
    case kHover:
      return flutter::PointerData::Change::kHover;
    case kPanZoomStart:
      return flutter::PointerData::Change::kPanZoomStart;
    case kPanZoomUpdate:
      return flutter::PointerData::Change::kPanZoomUpdate;
    case kPanZoomEnd:
      return flutter::PointerData::Change::kPanZoomEnd;
  }
  return flutter::PointerData::Change::kCancel;
}

// Returns the flutter::PointerData::DeviceKind for the given
// FlutterPointerDeviceKind.
inline flutter::PointerData::DeviceKind ToPointerDataKind(
    FlutterPointerDeviceKind device_kind) {
  switch (device_kind) {
    case kFlutterPointerDeviceKindMouse:
      return flutter::PointerData::DeviceKind::kMouse;
    case kFlutterPointerDeviceKindTouch:
      return flutter::PointerData::DeviceKind::kTouch;
    case kFlutterPointerDeviceKindStylus:
      return flutter::PointerData::DeviceKind::kStylus;
    case kFlutterPointerDeviceKindTrackpad:
      return flutter::PointerData::DeviceKind::kTrackpad;
  }
  return flutter::PointerData::DeviceKind::kMouse;
}

// Returns the flutter::PointerData::SignalKind for the given
// FlutterPointerSignaKind.
inline flutter::PointerData::SignalKind ToPointerDataSignalKind(
    FlutterPointerSignalKind kind) {
  switch (kind) {
    case kFlutterPointerSignalKindNone:
      return flutter::PointerData::SignalKind::kNone;
    case kFlutterPointerSignalKindScroll:
      return flutter::PointerData::SignalKind::kScroll;
    case kFlutterPointerSignalKindScrollInertiaCancel:
      return flutter::PointerData::SignalKind::kScrollInertiaCancel;
    case kFlutterPointerSignalKindScale:
      return flutter::PointerData::SignalKind::kScale;
  }
  return flutter::PointerData::SignalKind::kNone;
}

// Returns the buttons to synthesize for a PointerData from a
// FlutterPointerEvent with no type or buttons set.
inline int64_t PointerDataButtonsForLegacyEvent(
    flutter::PointerData::Change change) {
  switch (change) {
    case flutter::PointerData::Change::kDown:
    case flutter::PointerData::Change::kMove:
      // These kinds of change must have a non-zero `buttons`, otherwise
      // gesture recognizers will ignore these events.
      return flutter::kPointerButtonMousePrimary;
    case flutter::PointerData::Change::kCancel:
    case flutter::PointerData::Change::kAdd:
    case flutter::PointerData::Change::kRemove:
    case flutter::PointerData::Change::kHover:
    case flutter::PointerData::Change::kUp:
    case flutter::PointerData::Change::kPanZoomStart:
    case flutter::PointerData::Change::kPanZoomUpdate:
    case flutter::PointerData::Change::kPanZoomEnd:
      return 0;
  }
  return 0;
}

FlutterEngineResult FlutterEngineSendPointerEvent(
    FLUTTER_API_SYMBOL(FlutterEngine) engine,
    const FlutterPointerEvent* pointers,
    size_t events_count) {
  if (engine == nullptr) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments, "Engine handle was invalid.");
  }

  if (pointers == nullptr || events_count == 0) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments, "Invalid pointer events.");
  }

  auto packet = std::make_unique<flutter::PointerDataPacket>(events_count);

  const FlutterPointerEvent* current = pointers;

  for (size_t i = 0; i < events_count; ++i) {
    flutter::PointerData pointer_data;
    pointer_data.Clear();
    // this is currely in use only on android embedding.
    pointer_data.embedder_id = 0;
    pointer_data.time_stamp = SAFE_ACCESS(current, timestamp, 0);
    pointer_data.change = ToPointerDataChange(
        SAFE_ACCESS(current, phase, FlutterPointerPhase::kCancel));
    pointer_data.physical_x = SAFE_ACCESS(current, x, 0.0);
    pointer_data.physical_y = SAFE_ACCESS(current, y, 0.0);
    // Delta will be generated in pointer_data_packet_converter.cc.
    pointer_data.physical_delta_x = 0.0;
    pointer_data.physical_delta_y = 0.0;
    pointer_data.device = SAFE_ACCESS(current, device, 0);
    // Pointer identifier will be generated in
    // pointer_data_packet_converter.cc.
    pointer_data.pointer_identifier = 0;
    pointer_data.signal_kind = ToPointerDataSignalKind(
        SAFE_ACCESS(current, signal_kind, kFlutterPointerSignalKindNone));
    pointer_data.scroll_delta_x = SAFE_ACCESS(current, scroll_delta_x, 0.0);
    pointer_data.scroll_delta_y = SAFE_ACCESS(current, scroll_delta_y, 0.0);
    FlutterPointerDeviceKind device_kind = SAFE_ACCESS(current, device_kind, 0);
    // For backwards compatibility with embedders written before the device
    // kind and buttons were exposed, if the device kind is not set treat it
    // as a mouse, with a synthesized primary button state based on the phase.
    if (device_kind == 0) {
      pointer_data.kind = flutter::PointerData::DeviceKind::kMouse;
      pointer_data.buttons =
          PointerDataButtonsForLegacyEvent(pointer_data.change);

    } else {
      pointer_data.kind = ToPointerDataKind(device_kind);
      if (pointer_data.kind == flutter::PointerData::DeviceKind::kTouch) {
        // For touch events, set the button internally rather than requiring
        // it at the API level, since it's a confusing construction to expose.
        if (pointer_data.change == flutter::PointerData::Change::kDown ||
            pointer_data.change == flutter::PointerData::Change::kMove) {
          pointer_data.buttons = flutter::kPointerButtonTouchContact;
        }
      } else {
        // Buttons use the same mask values, so pass them through directly.
        pointer_data.buttons = SAFE_ACCESS(current, buttons, 0);
      }
    }
    pointer_data.pan_x = SAFE_ACCESS(current, pan_x, 0.0);
    pointer_data.pan_y = SAFE_ACCESS(current, pan_y, 0.0);
    // Delta will be generated in pointer_data_packet_converter.cc.
    pointer_data.pan_delta_x = 0.0;
    pointer_data.pan_delta_y = 0.0;
    pointer_data.scale = SAFE_ACCESS(current, scale, 0.0);
    pointer_data.rotation = SAFE_ACCESS(current, rotation, 0.0);
    packet->SetPointerData(i, pointer_data);
    current = reinterpret_cast<const FlutterPointerEvent*>(
        reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(current) + current->struct_size);
  }

  return reinterpret_cast<flutter::EmbedderEngine*>(engine)
                 ->DispatchPointerDataPacket(std::move(packet))
             ? kSuccess
             : LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInternalInconsistency,
                                  "Could not dispatch pointer events to the "
                                  "running Flutter application.");
}

static inline flutter::KeyEventType MapKeyEventType(
    FlutterKeyEventType event_kind) {
  switch (event_kind) {
    case kFlutterKeyEventTypeUp:
      return flutter::KeyEventType::kUp;
    case kFlutterKeyEventTypeDown:
      return flutter::KeyEventType::kDown;
    case kFlutterKeyEventTypeRepeat:
      return flutter::KeyEventType::kRepeat;
  }
  return flutter::KeyEventType::kUp;
}

// Send a platform message to the framework.
//
// The `data_callback` will be invoked with `user_data`, and must not be empty.
static FlutterEngineResult InternalSendPlatformMessage(
    FLUTTER_API_SYMBOL(FlutterEngine) engine,
    const char* channel,
    const uint8_t* data,
    size_t size,
    FlutterDataCallback data_callback,
    void* user_data) {
  FlutterEngineResult result;

  FlutterPlatformMessageResponseHandle* response_handle;
  result = FlutterPlatformMessageCreateResponseHandle(
      engine, data_callback, user_data, &response_handle);
  if (result != kSuccess) {
    return result;
  }

  const FlutterPlatformMessage message = {
      sizeof(FlutterPlatformMessage),  // struct_size
      channel,                         // channel
      data,                            // message
      size,                            // message_size
      response_handle,                 // response_handle
  };

  result = FlutterEngineSendPlatformMessage(engine, &message);
  // Whether `SendPlatformMessage` succeeds or not, the response handle must be
  // released.
  FlutterEngineResult release_result =
      FlutterPlatformMessageReleaseResponseHandle(engine, response_handle);
  if (result != kSuccess) {
    return result;
  }

  return release_result;
}

FlutterEngineResult FlutterEngineSendKeyEvent(FLUTTER_API_SYMBOL(FlutterEngine)
                                                  engine,
                                              const FlutterKeyEvent* event,
                                              FlutterKeyEventCallback callback,
                                              void* user_data) {
  if (engine == nullptr) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments, "Engine handle was invalid.");
  }

  if (event == nullptr) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments, "Invalid key event.");
  }

  const char* character = SAFE_ACCESS(event, character, nullptr);

  flutter::KeyData key_data;
  key_data.Clear();
  key_data.timestamp = static_cast<uint64_t>(SAFE_ACCESS(event, timestamp, 0));
  key_data.type = MapKeyEventType(
      SAFE_ACCESS(event, type, FlutterKeyEventType::kFlutterKeyEventTypeUp));
  key_data.physical = SAFE_ACCESS(event, physical, 0);
  key_data.logical = SAFE_ACCESS(event, logical, 0);
  key_data.synthesized = SAFE_ACCESS(event, synthesized, false);

  auto packet = std::make_unique<flutter::KeyDataPacket>(key_data, character);

  struct MessageData {
    FlutterKeyEventCallback callback;
    void* user_data;
  };

  MessageData* message_data =
      new MessageData{.callback = callback, .user_data = user_data};

  return InternalSendPlatformMessage(
      engine, kFlutterKeyDataChannel, packet->data().data(),
      packet->data().size(),
      [](const uint8_t* data, size_t size, void* user_data) {
        auto message_data = std::unique_ptr<MessageData>(
            reinterpret_cast<MessageData*>(user_data));
        if (message_data->callback == nullptr) {
          return;
        }
        bool handled = false;
        if (size == 1) {
          handled = *data != 0;
        }
        message_data->callback(handled, message_data->user_data);
      },
      message_data);
}

FlutterEngineResult FlutterEngineSendPlatformMessage(
    FLUTTER_API_SYMBOL(FlutterEngine) engine,
    const FlutterPlatformMessage* flutter_message) {
  if (engine == nullptr) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments, "Invalid engine handle.");
  }

  if (flutter_message == nullptr) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments, "Invalid message argument.");
  }

  if (SAFE_ACCESS(flutter_message, channel, nullptr) == nullptr) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(
        kInvalidArguments, "Message argument did not specify a valid channel.");
  }

  size_t message_size = SAFE_ACCESS(flutter_message, message_size, 0);
  const uint8_t* message_data = SAFE_ACCESS(flutter_message, message, nullptr);

  if (message_size != 0 && message_data == nullptr) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(
        kInvalidArguments,
        "Message size was non-zero but the message data was nullptr.");
  }

  const FlutterPlatformMessageResponseHandle* response_handle =
      SAFE_ACCESS(flutter_message, response_handle, nullptr);

  fml::RefPtr<flutter::PlatformMessageResponse> response;
  if (response_handle && response_handle->message) {
    response = response_handle->message->response();
  }

  std::unique_ptr<flutter::PlatformMessage> message;
  if (message_size == 0) {
    message = std::make_unique<flutter::PlatformMessage>(
        flutter_message->channel, response);
  } else {
    message = std::make_unique<flutter::PlatformMessage>(
        flutter_message->channel,
        fml::MallocMapping::Copy(message_data, message_size), response);
  }

  return reinterpret_cast<flutter::EmbedderEngine*>(engine)
                 ->SendPlatformMessage(std::move(message))
             ? kSuccess
             : LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInternalInconsistency,
                                  "Could not send a message to the running "
                                  "Flutter application.");
}

FlutterEngineResult FlutterPlatformMessageCreateResponseHandle(
    FLUTTER_API_SYMBOL(FlutterEngine) engine,
    FlutterDataCallback data_callback,
    void* user_data,
    FlutterPlatformMessageResponseHandle** response_out) {
  if (engine == nullptr) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments, "Engine handle was invalid.");
  }

  if (data_callback == nullptr || response_out == nullptr) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(
        kInvalidArguments, "Data callback or the response handle was invalid.");
  }

  flutter::EmbedderPlatformMessageResponse::Callback response_callback =
      [user_data, data_callback](const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
        data_callback(data, size, user_data);
      };

  auto platform_task_runner = reinterpret_cast<flutter::EmbedderEngine*>(engine)
                                  ->GetTaskRunners()
                                  .GetPlatformTaskRunner();

  auto handle = new FlutterPlatformMessageResponseHandle();

  handle->message = std::make_unique<flutter::PlatformMessage>(
      "",  // The channel is empty and unused as the response handle is going
           // to referenced directly in the |FlutterEngineSendPlatformMessage|
           // with the container message discarded.
      fml::MakeRefCounted<flutter::EmbedderPlatformMessageResponse>(
          std::move(platform_task_runner), response_callback));
  *response_out = handle;
  return kSuccess;
}

FlutterEngineResult FlutterPlatformMessageReleaseResponseHandle(
    FLUTTER_API_SYMBOL(FlutterEngine) engine,
    FlutterPlatformMessageResponseHandle* response) {
  if (engine == nullptr) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments, "Invalid engine handle.");
  }

  if (response == nullptr) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments, "Invalid response handle.");
  }
  delete response;
  return kSuccess;
}

// Note: This can execute on any thread.
FlutterEngineResult FlutterEngineSendPlatformMessageResponse(
    FLUTTER_API_SYMBOL(FlutterEngine) engine,
    const FlutterPlatformMessageResponseHandle* handle,
    const uint8_t* data,
    size_t data_length) {
  if (data_length != 0 && data == nullptr) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(
        kInvalidArguments,
        "Data size was non zero but the pointer to the data was null.");
  }

  auto response = handle->message->response();

  if (response) {
    if (data_length == 0) {
      response->CompleteEmpty();
    } else {
      response->Complete(std::make_unique<fml::DataMapping>(
          std::vector<uint8_t>({data, data + data_length})));
    }
  }

  delete handle;

  return kSuccess;
}

FlutterEngineResult __FlutterEngineFlushPendingTasksNow() {
  fml::MessageLoop::GetCurrent().RunExpiredTasksNow();
  return kSuccess;
}

FlutterEngineResult FlutterEngineRegisterExternalTexture(
    FLUTTER_API_SYMBOL(FlutterEngine) engine,
    int64_t texture_identifier) {
  if (engine == nullptr) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments, "Engine handle was invalid.");
  }

  if (texture_identifier == 0) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments,
                              "Texture identifier was invalid.");
  }
  if (!reinterpret_cast<flutter::EmbedderEngine*>(engine)->RegisterTexture(
          texture_identifier)) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInternalInconsistency,
                              "Could not register the specified texture.");
  }
  return kSuccess;
}

FlutterEngineResult FlutterEngineUnregisterExternalTexture(
    FLUTTER_API_SYMBOL(FlutterEngine) engine,
    int64_t texture_identifier) {
  if (engine == nullptr) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments, "Engine handle was invalid.");
  }

  if (texture_identifier == 0) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments,
                              "Texture identifier was invalid.");
  }

  if (!reinterpret_cast<flutter::EmbedderEngine*>(engine)->UnregisterTexture(
          texture_identifier)) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInternalInconsistency,
                              "Could not un-register the specified texture.");
  }

  return kSuccess;
}

FlutterEngineResult FlutterEngineMarkExternalTextureFrameAvailable(
    FLUTTER_API_SYMBOL(FlutterEngine) engine,
    int64_t texture_identifier) {
  if (engine == nullptr) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments, "Invalid engine handle.");
  }
  if (texture_identifier == 0) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments, "Invalid texture identifier.");
  }
  if (!reinterpret_cast<flutter::EmbedderEngine*>(engine)
           ->MarkTextureFrameAvailable(texture_identifier)) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(
        kInternalInconsistency,
        "Could not mark the texture frame as being available.");
  }
  return kSuccess;
}

FlutterEngineResult FlutterEngineUpdateSemanticsEnabled(
    FLUTTER_API_SYMBOL(FlutterEngine) engine,
    bool enabled) {
  if (engine == nullptr) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments, "Invalid engine handle.");
  }
  if (!reinterpret_cast<flutter::EmbedderEngine*>(engine)->SetSemanticsEnabled(
          enabled)) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInternalInconsistency,
                              "Could not update semantics state.");
  }
  return kSuccess;
}

FlutterEngineResult FlutterEngineUpdateAccessibilityFeatures(
    FLUTTER_API_SYMBOL(FlutterEngine) engine,
    FlutterAccessibilityFeature flags) {
  if (engine == nullptr) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments, "Invalid engine handle.");
  }
  if (!reinterpret_cast<flutter::EmbedderEngine*>(engine)
           ->SetAccessibilityFeatures(flags)) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInternalInconsistency,
                              "Could not update accessibility features.");
  }
  return kSuccess;
}

FlutterEngineResult FlutterEngineDispatchSemanticsAction(
    FLUTTER_API_SYMBOL(FlutterEngine) engine,
    uint64_t node_id,
    FlutterSemanticsAction action,
    const uint8_t* data,
    size_t data_length) {
  if (engine == nullptr) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments, "Invalid engine handle.");
  }
  auto engine_action = static_cast<flutter::SemanticsAction>(action);
  if (!reinterpret_cast<flutter::EmbedderEngine*>(engine)
           ->DispatchSemanticsAction(
               node_id, engine_action,
               fml::MallocMapping::Copy(data, data_length))) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInternalInconsistency,
                              "Could not dispatch semantics action.");
  }
  return kSuccess;
}

FlutterEngineResult FlutterEngineOnVsync(FLUTTER_API_SYMBOL(FlutterEngine)
                                             engine,
                                         intptr_t baton,
                                         uint64_t frame_start_time_nanos,
                                         uint64_t frame_target_time_nanos) {
  if (engine == nullptr) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments, "Invalid engine handle.");
  }

  TRACE_EVENT0("flutter", "FlutterEngineOnVsync");

  auto start_time = fml::TimePoint::FromEpochDelta(
      fml::TimeDelta::FromNanoseconds(frame_start_time_nanos));

  auto target_time = fml::TimePoint::FromEpochDelta(
      fml::TimeDelta::FromNanoseconds(frame_target_time_nanos));

  if (!reinterpret_cast<flutter::EmbedderEngine*>(engine)->OnVsyncEvent(
          baton, start_time, target_time)) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(
        kInternalInconsistency,
        "Could not notify the running engine instance of a Vsync event.");
  }

  return kSuccess;
}

FlutterEngineResult FlutterEngineReloadSystemFonts(
    FLUTTER_API_SYMBOL(FlutterEngine) engine) {
  if (engine == nullptr) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments, "Invalid engine handle.");
  }

  TRACE_EVENT0("flutter", "FlutterEngineReloadSystemFonts");

  if (!reinterpret_cast<flutter::EmbedderEngine*>(engine)
           ->ReloadSystemFonts()) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInternalInconsistency,
                              "Could not reload system fonts.");
  }

  return kSuccess;
}

void FlutterEngineTraceEventDurationBegin(const char* name) {
  fml::tracing::TraceEvent0("flutter", name);
}

void FlutterEngineTraceEventDurationEnd(const char* name) {
  fml::tracing::TraceEventEnd(name);
}

void FlutterEngineTraceEventInstant(const char* name) {
  fml::tracing::TraceEventInstant0("flutter", name);
}

FlutterEngineResult FlutterEnginePostRenderThreadTask(
    FLUTTER_API_SYMBOL(FlutterEngine) engine,
    VoidCallback callback,
    void* baton) {
  if (engine == nullptr) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments, "Invalid engine handle.");
  }

  if (callback == nullptr) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments,
                              "Render thread callback was null.");
  }

  auto task = [callback, baton]() { callback(baton); };

  return reinterpret_cast<flutter::EmbedderEngine*>(engine)
                 ->PostRenderThreadTask(task)
             ? kSuccess
             : LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInternalInconsistency,
                                  "Could not post the render thread task.");
}

uint64_t FlutterEngineGetCurrentTime() {
  return fml::TimePoint::Now().ToEpochDelta().ToNanoseconds();
}

FlutterEngineResult FlutterEngineRunTask(FLUTTER_API_SYMBOL(FlutterEngine)
                                             engine,
                                         const FlutterTask* task) {
  if (engine == nullptr) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments, "Invalid engine handle.");
  }

  return reinterpret_cast<flutter::EmbedderEngine*>(engine)->RunTask(task)
             ? kSuccess
             : LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments,
                                  "Could not run the specified task.");
}

static bool DispatchJSONPlatformMessage(FLUTTER_API_SYMBOL(FlutterEngine)
                                            engine,
                                        const rapidjson::Document& document,
                                        const std::string& channel_name) {
  if (channel_name.empty()) {
    return false;
  }

  rapidjson::StringBuffer buffer;
  rapidjson::Writer<rapidjson::StringBuffer> writer(buffer);

  if (!document.Accept(writer)) {
    return false;
  }

  const char* message = buffer.GetString();

  if (message == nullptr || buffer.GetSize() == 0) {
    return false;
  }

  auto platform_message = std::make_unique<flutter::PlatformMessage>(
      channel_name.c_str(),  // channel
      fml::MallocMapping::Copy(message,
                               buffer.GetSize()),  // message
      nullptr                                      // response
  );

  return reinterpret_cast<flutter::EmbedderEngine*>(engine)
      ->SendPlatformMessage(std::move(platform_message));
}

FlutterEngineResult FlutterEngineUpdateLocales(FLUTTER_API_SYMBOL(FlutterEngine)
                                                   engine,
                                               const FlutterLocale** locales,
                                               size_t locales_count) {
  if (engine == nullptr) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments, "Invalid engine handle.");
  }

  if (locales_count == 0) {
    return kSuccess;
  }

  if (locales == nullptr) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments, "No locales were specified.");
  }

  rapidjson::Document document;
  auto& allocator = document.GetAllocator();

  document.SetObject();
  document.AddMember("method", "setLocale", allocator);

  rapidjson::Value args(rapidjson::kArrayType);
  args.Reserve(locales_count * 4, allocator);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < locales_count; ++i) {
    const FlutterLocale* locale = locales[i];
    const char* language_code_str = SAFE_ACCESS(locale, language_code, nullptr);
    if (language_code_str == nullptr || ::strlen(language_code_str) == 0) {
      return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(
          kInvalidArguments,
          "Language code is required but not present in FlutterLocale.");
    }

    const char* country_code_str = SAFE_ACCESS(locale, country_code, "");
    const char* script_code_str = SAFE_ACCESS(locale, script_code, "");
    const char* variant_code_str = SAFE_ACCESS(locale, variant_code, "");

    rapidjson::Value language_code, country_code, script_code, variant_code;

    language_code.SetString(language_code_str, allocator);
    country_code.SetString(country_code_str ? country_code_str : "", allocator);
    script_code.SetString(script_code_str ? script_code_str : "", allocator);
    variant_code.SetString(variant_code_str ? variant_code_str : "", allocator);

    // Required.
    args.PushBack(language_code, allocator);
    args.PushBack(country_code, allocator);
    args.PushBack(script_code, allocator);
    args.PushBack(variant_code, allocator);
  }
  document.AddMember("args", args, allocator);

  return DispatchJSONPlatformMessage(engine, document, "flutter/localization")
             ? kSuccess
             : LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInternalInconsistency,
                                  "Could not send message to update locale of "
                                  "a running Flutter application.");
}

bool FlutterEngineRunsAOTCompiledDartCode(void) {
  return flutter::DartVM::IsRunningPrecompiledCode();
}

FlutterEngineResult FlutterEnginePostDartObject(
    FLUTTER_API_SYMBOL(FlutterEngine) engine,
    FlutterEngineDartPort port,
    const FlutterEngineDartObject* object) {
  if (engine == nullptr) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments, "Invalid engine handle.");
  }

  if (!reinterpret_cast<flutter::EmbedderEngine*>(engine)->IsValid()) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments, "Engine not running.");
  }

  if (port == ILLEGAL_PORT) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments,
                              "Attempted to post to an illegal port.");
  }

  if (object == nullptr) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments,
                              "Invalid Dart object to post.");
  }

  Dart_CObject dart_object = {};
  fml::ScopedCleanupClosure typed_data_finalizer;

  switch (object->type) {
    case kFlutterEngineDartObjectTypeNull:
      dart_object.type = Dart_CObject_kNull;
      break;
    case kFlutterEngineDartObjectTypeBool:
      dart_object.type = Dart_CObject_kBool;
      dart_object.value.as_bool = object->bool_value;
      break;
    case kFlutterEngineDartObjectTypeInt32:
      dart_object.type = Dart_CObject_kInt32;
      dart_object.value.as_int32 = object->int32_value;
      break;
    case kFlutterEngineDartObjectTypeInt64:
      dart_object.type = Dart_CObject_kInt64;
      dart_object.value.as_int64 = object->int64_value;
      break;
    case kFlutterEngineDartObjectTypeDouble:
      dart_object.type = Dart_CObject_kDouble;
      dart_object.value.as_double = object->double_value;
      break;
    case kFlutterEngineDartObjectTypeString:
      if (object->string_value == nullptr) {
        return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments,
                                  "kFlutterEngineDartObjectTypeString must be "
                                  "a null terminated string but was null.");
      }
      dart_object.type = Dart_CObject_kString;
      dart_object.value.as_string = const_cast<char*>(object->string_value);
      break;
    case kFlutterEngineDartObjectTypeBuffer: {
      auto* buffer = SAFE_ACCESS(object->buffer_value, buffer, nullptr);
      if (buffer == nullptr) {
        return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments,
                                  "kFlutterEngineDartObjectTypeBuffer must "
                                  "specify a buffer but found nullptr.");
      }
      auto buffer_size = SAFE_ACCESS(object->buffer_value, buffer_size, 0);
      auto callback =
          SAFE_ACCESS(object->buffer_value, buffer_collect_callback, nullptr);
      auto user_data = SAFE_ACCESS(object->buffer_value, user_data, nullptr);

      // The user has provided a callback, let them manage the lifecycle of
      // the underlying data. If not, copy it out from the provided buffer.

      if (callback == nullptr) {
        dart_object.type = Dart_CObject_kTypedData;
        dart_object.value.as_typed_data.type = Dart_TypedData_kUint8;
        dart_object.value.as_typed_data.length = buffer_size;
        dart_object.value.as_typed_data.values = buffer;
      } else {
        struct ExternalTypedDataPeer {
          void* user_data = nullptr;
          VoidCallback trampoline = nullptr;
        };
        auto peer = new ExternalTypedDataPeer();
        peer->user_data = user_data;
        peer->trampoline = callback;
        // This finalizer is set so that in case of failure of the
        // Dart_PostCObject below, we collect the peer. The embedder is still
        // responsible for collecting the buffer in case of non-kSuccess
        // returns from this method. This finalizer must be released in case
        // of kSuccess returns from this method.
        typed_data_finalizer.SetClosure([peer]() {
          // This is the tiny object we use as the peer to the Dart call so
          // that we can attach the a trampoline to the embedder supplied
          // callback. In case of error, we need to collect this object lest
          // we introduce a tiny leak.
          delete peer;
        });
        dart_object.type = Dart_CObject_kExternalTypedData;
        dart_object.value.as_external_typed_data.type = Dart_TypedData_kUint8;
        dart_object.value.as_external_typed_data.length = buffer_size;
        dart_object.value.as_external_typed_data.data = buffer;
        dart_object.value.as_external_typed_data.peer = peer;
        dart_object.value.as_external_typed_data.callback =
            +[](void* unused_isolate_callback_data, void* peer) {
              auto typed_peer = reinterpret_cast<ExternalTypedDataPeer*>(peer);
              typed_peer->trampoline(typed_peer->user_data);
              delete typed_peer;
            };
      }
    } break;
    default:
      return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(
          kInvalidArguments,
          "Invalid FlutterEngineDartObjectType type specified.");
  }

  if (!Dart_PostCObject(port, &dart_object)) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInternalInconsistency,
                              "Could not post the object to the Dart VM.");
  }

  // On a successful call, the VM takes ownership of and is responsible for
  // invoking the finalizer.
  typed_data_finalizer.Release();
  return kSuccess;
}

FlutterEngineResult FlutterEngineNotifyLowMemoryWarning(
    FLUTTER_API_SYMBOL(FlutterEngine) raw_engine) {
  auto engine = reinterpret_cast<flutter::EmbedderEngine*>(raw_engine);
  if (engine == nullptr || !engine->IsValid()) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments, "Engine was invalid.");
  }

  engine->GetShell().NotifyLowMemoryWarning();

  rapidjson::Document document;
  auto& allocator = document.GetAllocator();

  document.SetObject();
  document.AddMember("type", "memoryPressure", allocator);

  return DispatchJSONPlatformMessage(raw_engine, document, "flutter/system")
             ? kSuccess
             : LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(
                   kInternalInconsistency,
                   "Could not dispatch the low memory notification message.");
}

FlutterEngineResult FlutterEnginePostCallbackOnAllNativeThreads(
    FLUTTER_API_SYMBOL(FlutterEngine) engine,
    FlutterNativeThreadCallback callback,
    void* user_data) {
  if (engine == nullptr) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments, "Invalid engine handle.");
  }

  if (callback == nullptr) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments,
                              "Invalid native thread callback.");
  }

  return reinterpret_cast<flutter::EmbedderEngine*>(engine)
                 ->PostTaskOnEngineManagedNativeThreads(
                     [callback, user_data](FlutterNativeThreadType type) {
                       callback(type, user_data);
                     })
             ? kSuccess
             : LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments,
                                  "Internal error while attempting to post "
                                  "tasks to all threads.");
}

namespace {
static bool ValidDisplayConfiguration(const FlutterEngineDisplay* displays,
                                      size_t display_count) {
  std::set<FlutterEngineDisplayId> display_ids;
  for (size_t i = 0; i < display_count; i++) {
    if (displays[i].single_display && display_count != 1) {
      return false;
    }
    display_ids.insert(displays[i].display_id);
  }

  return display_ids.size() == display_count;
}
}  // namespace

FlutterEngineResult FlutterEngineNotifyDisplayUpdate(
    FLUTTER_API_SYMBOL(FlutterEngine) raw_engine,
    const FlutterEngineDisplaysUpdateType update_type,
    const FlutterEngineDisplay* embedder_displays,
    size_t display_count) {
  if (raw_engine == nullptr) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments, "Invalid engine handle.");
  }

  if (!ValidDisplayConfiguration(embedder_displays, display_count)) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(
        kInvalidArguments,
        "Invalid FlutterEngineDisplay configuration specified.");
  }

  auto engine = reinterpret_cast<flutter::EmbedderEngine*>(raw_engine);

  switch (update_type) {
    case kFlutterEngineDisplaysUpdateTypeStartup: {
      std::vector<std::unique_ptr<flutter::Display>> displays;
      for (size_t i = 0; i < display_count; i++) {
        displays.push_back(std::make_unique<flutter::Display>(
            embedder_displays[i].display_id, embedder_displays[i].refresh_rate,
            // TODO(dnfield): Supply real values
            // https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/125939
            -1, -1, -1));
      }
      engine->GetShell().OnDisplayUpdates(std::move(displays));
      return kSuccess;
    }
    default:
      return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(
          kInvalidArguments,
          "Invalid FlutterEngineDisplaysUpdateType type specified.");
  }
}

FlutterEngineResult FlutterEngineScheduleFrame(FLUTTER_API_SYMBOL(FlutterEngine)
                                                   engine) {
  if (engine == nullptr) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments, "Invalid engine handle.");
  }

  return reinterpret_cast<flutter::EmbedderEngine*>(engine)->ScheduleFrame()
             ? kSuccess
             : LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments,
                                  "Could not schedule frame.");
}

FlutterEngineResult FlutterEngineSetNextFrameCallback(
    FLUTTER_API_SYMBOL(FlutterEngine) engine,
    VoidCallback callback,
    void* user_data) {
  if (engine == nullptr) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments, "Invalid engine handle.");
  }

  if (callback == nullptr) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments,
                              "Next frame callback was null.");
  }

  flutter::EmbedderEngine* embedder_engine =
      reinterpret_cast<flutter::EmbedderEngine*>(engine);

  fml::WeakPtr<flutter::PlatformView> weak_platform_view =
      embedder_engine->GetShell().GetPlatformView();

  if (!weak_platform_view) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInternalInconsistency,
                              "Platform view unavailable.");
  }

  weak_platform_view->SetNextFrameCallback(
      [callback, user_data]() { callback(user_data); });

  return kSuccess;
}

FlutterEngineResult FlutterEngineGetProcAddresses(
    FlutterEngineProcTable* table) {
  if (!table) {
    return LOG_EMBEDDER_ERROR(kInvalidArguments, "Null table specified.");
  }
#define SET_PROC(member, function)        \
  if (STRUCT_HAS_MEMBER(table, member)) { \
    table->member = &function;            \
  }

  SET_PROC(CreateAOTData, FlutterEngineCreateAOTData);
  SET_PROC(CollectAOTData, FlutterEngineCollectAOTData);
  SET_PROC(Run, FlutterEngineRun);
  SET_PROC(Shutdown, FlutterEngineShutdown);
  SET_PROC(Initialize, FlutterEngineInitialize);
  SET_PROC(Deinitialize, FlutterEngineDeinitialize);
  SET_PROC(RunInitialized, FlutterEngineRunInitialized);
  SET_PROC(SendWindowMetricsEvent, FlutterEngineSendWindowMetricsEvent);
  SET_PROC(SendPointerEvent, FlutterEngineSendPointerEvent);
  SET_PROC(SendKeyEvent, FlutterEngineSendKeyEvent);
  SET_PROC(SendPlatformMessage, FlutterEngineSendPlatformMessage);
  SET_PROC(PlatformMessageCreateResponseHandle,
           FlutterPlatformMessageCreateResponseHandle);
  SET_PROC(PlatformMessageReleaseResponseHandle,
           FlutterPlatformMessageReleaseResponseHandle);
  SET_PROC(SendPlatformMessageResponse,
           FlutterEngineSendPlatformMessageResponse);
  SET_PROC(RegisterExternalTexture, FlutterEngineRegisterExternalTexture);
  SET_PROC(UnregisterExternalTexture, FlutterEngineUnregisterExternalTexture);
  SET_PROC(MarkExternalTextureFrameAvailable,
           FlutterEngineMarkExternalTextureFrameAvailable);
  SET_PROC(UpdateSemanticsEnabled, FlutterEngineUpdateSemanticsEnabled);
  SET_PROC(UpdateAccessibilityFeatures,
           FlutterEngineUpdateAccessibilityFeatures);
  SET_PROC(DispatchSemanticsAction, FlutterEngineDispatchSemanticsAction);
  SET_PROC(OnVsync, FlutterEngineOnVsync);
  SET_PROC(ReloadSystemFonts, FlutterEngineReloadSystemFonts);
  SET_PROC(TraceEventDurationBegin, FlutterEngineTraceEventDurationBegin);
  SET_PROC(TraceEventDurationEnd, FlutterEngineTraceEventDurationEnd);
  SET_PROC(TraceEventInstant, FlutterEngineTraceEventInstant);
  SET_PROC(PostRenderThreadTask, FlutterEnginePostRenderThreadTask);
  SET_PROC(GetCurrentTime, FlutterEngineGetCurrentTime);
  SET_PROC(RunTask, FlutterEngineRunTask);
  SET_PROC(UpdateLocales, FlutterEngineUpdateLocales);
  SET_PROC(RunsAOTCompiledDartCode, FlutterEngineRunsAOTCompiledDartCode);
  SET_PROC(PostDartObject, FlutterEnginePostDartObject);
  SET_PROC(NotifyLowMemoryWarning, FlutterEngineNotifyLowMemoryWarning);
  SET_PROC(PostCallbackOnAllNativeThreads,
           FlutterEnginePostCallbackOnAllNativeThreads);
  SET_PROC(NotifyDisplayUpdate, FlutterEngineNotifyDisplayUpdate);
  SET_PROC(ScheduleFrame, FlutterEngineScheduleFrame);
  SET_PROC(SetNextFrameCallback, FlutterEngineSetNextFrameCallback);
#undef SET_PROC

  return kSuccess;
}