[web] Fix canvas2d leaks in text measurement (flutter/engine#38640)

* [web] Fix canvas2d leaks in text measurement

* add a test

* set context.font correctly

* change the test to workaround weird safari behavior

engine/src/flutter/lib/web_ui/lib/src/engine/dom.dart

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import 'dart:typed_data';
 
 import 'package:js/js.dart';
 import 'package:js/js_util.dart' as js_util;
+import 'package:meta/meta.dart';
 
 /// This file contains static interop classes for interacting with the DOM and
 /// some helpers. All of the classes in this file are named after their
@@ -584,7 +585,16 @@ class DomPerformanceMeasure extends DomPerformanceEntry {}
 @staticInterop
 class DomCanvasElement extends DomHTMLElement {}
 
+@visibleForTesting
+int debugCanvasCount = 0;
+
+@visibleForTesting
+void debugResetCanvasCount() {
+  debugCanvasCount = 0;
+}
+
 DomCanvasElement createDomCanvasElement({int? width, int? height}) {
+  debugCanvasCount++;
   final DomCanvasElement canvas =
       domWindow.document.createElement('canvas') as DomCanvasElement;
   if (width != null) {
@@ -625,6 +635,7 @@ abstract class DomCanvasImageSource {}
 class DomCanvasRenderingContext2D {}
 
 extension DomCanvasRenderingContext2DExtension on DomCanvasRenderingContext2D {
+  external DomCanvasElement? get canvas;
   external Object? get fillStyle;
   external set fillStyle(Object? style);
   external String get font;

engine/src/flutter/lib/web_ui/lib/src/engine/text/layout_service.dart

@@ -16,6 +16,16 @@ import 'paragraph.dart';
 import 'ruler.dart';
 import 'text_direction.dart';
 
+/// A single canvas2d context to use for all text measurements.
+@visibleForTesting
+final DomCanvasRenderingContext2D textContext =
+    // We don't use this canvas to draw anything, so let's make it as small as
+    // possible to save memory.
+    createDomCanvasElement(width: 0, height: 0).context2D;
+
+/// The last font used in the [textContext].
+String? _lastContextFont;
+
 /// Performs layout on a [CanvasParagraph].
 ///
 /// It uses a [DomCanvasElement] to measure text.
@@ -24,9 +34,6 @@ class TextLayoutService {
 
   final CanvasParagraph paragraph;
 
-  final DomCanvasRenderingContext2D context =
-      createDomCanvasElement().context2D;
-
   // *** Results of layout *** //
 
   // Look at the Paragraph class for documentation of the following properties.
@@ -53,7 +60,7 @@ class TextLayoutService {
   ui.Rect get paintBounds => _paintBounds;
   ui.Rect _paintBounds = ui.Rect.zero;
 
-  late final Spanometer spanometer = Spanometer(paragraph, context);
+  late final Spanometer spanometer = Spanometer(paragraph);
 
   late final LayoutFragmenter layoutFragmenter =
       LayoutFragmenter(paragraph.plainText, paragraph.spans);
@@ -882,10 +889,9 @@ class LineBuilder {
 /// it's set, the [Spanometer] updates the underlying [context] so that
 /// subsequent measurements use the correct styles.
 class Spanometer {
-  Spanometer(this.paragraph, this.context);
+  Spanometer(this.paragraph);
 
   final CanvasParagraph paragraph;
-  final DomCanvasRenderingContext2D context;
 
   static final RulerHost _rulerHost = RulerHost();
 
@@ -904,8 +910,6 @@ class Spanometer {
     _rulers.clear();
   }
 
-  String _cssFontString = '';
-
   double? get letterSpacing => currentSpan.style.letterSpacing;
 
   TextHeightRuler? _currentRuler;
@@ -913,12 +917,24 @@ class Spanometer {
 
   ParagraphSpan get currentSpan => _currentSpan!;
   set currentSpan(ParagraphSpan? span) {
+    // Update the font string if it's different from the last applied font
+    // string.
+    //
+    // Also, we need to update the font string even if the span isn't changing.
+    // That's because `textContext` is shared across all spanometers.
+    if (span != null) {
+      final String newCssFontString = span.style.cssFontString;
+      if (_lastContextFont != newCssFontString) {
+        _lastContextFont = newCssFontString;
+        textContext.font = newCssFontString;
+      }
+    }
+
     if (span == _currentSpan) {
       return;
     }
     _currentSpan = span;
 
-    // No need to update css font string when `span` is null.
     if (span == null) {
       _currentRuler = null;
       return;
@@ -933,13 +949,6 @@ class Spanometer {
       _rulers[heightStyle] = ruler;
     }
     _currentRuler = ruler;
-
-    // Update the font string if it's different from the previous span.
-    final String cssFontString = span.style.cssFontString;
-    if (_cssFontString != cssFontString) {
-      _cssFontString = cssFontString;
-      context.font = cssFontString;
-    }
   }
 
   /// Whether the spanometer is ready to take measurements.
@@ -955,7 +964,7 @@ class Spanometer {
   double get height => _currentRuler!.height;
 
   double measureText(String text) {
-    return measureSubstring(context, text, 0, text.length);
+    return measureSubstring(textContext, text, 0, text.length);
   }
 
   double measureRange(int start, int end) {
@@ -1047,7 +1056,7 @@ class Spanometer {
     assert(end >= currentSpan.start && end <= currentSpan.end);
 
     return measureSubstring(
-      context,
+      textContext,
       paragraph.plainText,
       start,
       end,

engine/src/flutter/lib/web_ui/test/text/layout_service_plain_test.dart

@@ -691,4 +691,64 @@ Future<void> testMain() async {
       l('i', 9, 10, hardBreak: true, width: 10.0, left: 40.0),
     ]);
   });
+
+  test('uses a single minimal canvas', () {
+    debugResetCanvasCount();
+
+    plain(ahemStyle, 'Lorem').layout(constrain(double.infinity));
+    plain(ahemStyle, 'ipsum dolor').layout(constrain(150.0));
+    // Try different styles too.
+    plain(EngineParagraphStyle(fontWeight: ui.FontWeight.bold), 'sit amet').layout(constrain(300.0));
+
+    expect(textContext.canvas!.width, isZero);
+    expect(textContext.canvas!.height, isZero);
+    // This number is 0 instead of 1 because the canvas is created at the top
+    // level as a global variable. So by the time this test runs, the canvas
+    // would have been created already.
+    //
+    // So we just make sure that no new canvas is created after the above layout
+    // calls.
+    expect(debugCanvasCount, 0);
+  });
+
+  test('does not leak styles across spanometers', () {
+    // This prevents the Ahem font from being forced in all paragraphs.
+    ui.debugEmulateFlutterTesterEnvironment = false;
+
+    final CanvasParagraph p1 = plain(
+      EngineParagraphStyle(
+        fontSize: 20.0,
+        fontFamily: 'FontFamily1',
+      ),
+      'Lorem',
+    )..layout(constrain(double.infinity));
+    // After the layout, the canvas should have the above style applied.
+    expect(textContext.font, contains('20px'));
+    expect(textContext.font, contains('FontFamily1'));
+
+    final CanvasParagraph p2 = plain(
+      EngineParagraphStyle(
+        fontSize: 40.0,
+        fontFamily: 'FontFamily2',
+      ),
+      'ipsum dolor',
+    )..layout(constrain(double.infinity));
+    // After the layout, the canvas should have the above style applied.
+    expect(textContext.font, contains('40px'));
+    expect(textContext.font, contains('FontFamily2'));
+
+    p1.getBoxesForRange(0, 2);
+    // getBoxesForRange performs some text measurements. Let's make sure that it
+    // applied the correct style.
+    expect(textContext.font, contains('20px'));
+    expect(textContext.font, contains('FontFamily1'));
+
+    p2.getBoxesForRange(0, 4);
+    // getBoxesForRange performs some text measurements. Let's make sure that it
+    // applied the correct style.
+    expect(textContext.font, contains('40px'));
+    expect(textContext.font, contains('FontFamily2'));
+
+    ui.debugEmulateFlutterTesterEnvironment = true;
+  });
 }